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https://doi.org/10.53941/hm.2024.100006
Wu, M., Feng, F., Cao, J., & Chen, L. Endoplasmic Reticulum Unfolded Protein Responses: Molecular Mechanism and Role in Pathophysiology. Health and Metabolism. 2024, 1(1), 6. doi: https://doi.org/10.53941/hm.2024.100006
Volume 1, Issue 1, Dec 2024
Copyright (c) 2024 by the authors.
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Review

Endoplasmic Reticulum Unfolded Protein Responses: Molecular Mechanism and Role in Pathophysiology

Miankun Wu 1,†, Fen Feng 2,†, Jiangang Cao 3,* and Linxi Chen 1,*

1 Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China

2 The School of Pharmacy, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang 422000, China

3 The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Clinical Pharmacy Research Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China

* Correspondence: jgcao66@whu.edu.cn (J.C.); 1995001765@usc.edu.cn (L.C.)

† These authors contributed equally to this work.

Received: 29 July 2024; Revised: 29 September 2024; Accepted: 15 October 2024; Published: 30 October 2024

Abstract: To alleviate ER stress, Endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein responses (ER UPR) is a set of defensive mechanisms that induce the nucleus to decrease protein synthesis due to incorrect protein aggregation in the ER triggered by different pathogenic causes. Overactivation of ER UPR has been linked to a multitude of human disorders, such as autoimmune diseases, malignancies, hypertension, and retinopathy, according to an increasing number of studies. In addition, ER UPR activity prolongs cell life and delays the aging process by preserving the equilibrium of proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum lumen. Furthermore, as described in the literature recently, adaptive activation of ER UPR improves hypertension, obesity, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegenerative illnesses. Targeting ER UPR pathways may be a useful therapeutic approach for treating diabetes, obesity, fatty liver, and neurodegenerative illnesses given the diversity of ER UPR.

Keywords:

endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response molecular mechanism metabolic diseases neurodegenerative diseases drug therapy

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