Purpose: Liquid biopsy enables the non-invasive assessment of cancer by enabling real-time monitoring of tumor biology through particular biomarkers. Advancements in this fast-evolving approach are mainly dependent on the developments in the technology used to procure, obtain, and analyze key liquid biopsy markers. Methods: We conduct a comprehensive review of literature from 2018 to 2023 using PubMed and Google Scholar. Studies focused on advancements in liquid biopsy technologies, including ctDNA, CTC analysis, extracellular vesicles, methylation pattern detection, RNA biomarkers, and the integration of artificial intelligence. Key challenges and merging methodologies to overcome existing limitations were identified and discussed. Results: Next-generation sequencing (NGS) and digital droplet PCR have stronger precision in detecting ctDNA at lower concentrations, improving early cancer detection and monitoring of minimal residual disease (MRD). Newer techniques like targeted error correction sequencing (TEC-seq) and RNA biomarker profiling improve the cost-effectiveness while maintaining fidelity in detecting rare mutations. Microfluidic platforms provide a structured platform for isolating CTCs and extracellular vesicles, which can be integrated into AI platforms to improve diagnostic precision and treatment management. Conclusion: Newer technologies are more effective in capturing tumor heterogeneity and provide better, earlier accuracy. Future innovations are being shaped by artificial intelligence-integrated platforms to enhance the granularity of liquid biopsy.
- Open Access
- Review
Technological Advances and Methodologies in Liquid Biopsy: An Updated Review
Author Information
Received: 06 Aug 2025 | Revised: 30 Sep 2025 | Accepted: 17 Nov 2025 | Published: 07 Jan 2026
Abstract
Keywords
liquid biopsy | personalized medicine | sequencing | microfluidics
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