Applications of Graphene in Post-Moore Electronic Devices

Chen Meng; Jiawei Li; Fangzhu Qing; Xuesong Li; Hongwei Zhu

Abstract

As Moore’s Law approaches its physical and economic limits, the pursuit of alternative electronic paradigms has become critical. Graphene, a one-atom-thick material with exceptional electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties, offers promising opportunities for next-generation devices in the post-Moore era. This perspective article explores graphene’s role in three key computing frontiers: (1) beyond-CMOS transistors, where its high carrier mobility and atomic thinness support ultra-fast, scaled devices; (2) neuromorphic computing, where graphene-based synaptic devices exhibit energy-efficient, analog learning behaviors; and (3) quantum technologies, where graphene enables tunable superconducting junctions, spin qubits, and moiré-based correlated states. We highlight the fundamental physics underlying these applications, survey the recent engineering advances, and assess the major challenges—such as bandgap engineering, device variability, and large-scale integration. Through careful material design and heterogeneous integration, graphene is poised to become a critical enabler of hybrid electronic architectures that extend the capabilities of conventional silicon and help usher in a new era of information processing.

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