Non-Asbestos Fiber Gasket Materials & Their Applications in Automobile Powertrain Sealing

Weiting Hu; Hong Li; Jinfeng Zhuang

doi:10.53941/ijamm.2024.100011

Abstract

Non-asbestos fiber gasket material is a ternary composite mainly composed of fibers, rubber, and fillers. Due to the carcinogenic risks associated with asbestos fibers, research and development of non-asbestos materials have become increasingly active. The manufacturing technologies of non-asbestos gasket materials primarily include calendering and papermaking processes. These materials, especially the gasket made by the papermaking method, are mainly applied for sealing in engines, transmissions, and water pumps, playing a crucial role in improving emission standards, safety, and the sustainability of automobiles. The sealing mechanism and relevant properties of asbestos-free fiber gasket materials are also introduced in this article. In the future, there should be a focus on developing high-performance non-asbestos gasket materials to provide more efficient and highly cost-effective sealing solutions for the automotive industry.

References

1.
Du, P.; Tuo, J.; Wang, X.; Xie, S. Research on the properties of compressed rubber sheet gasket reinforced by non-asbestos fiber. IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci. 2019, 242, 032011.
2.
Xie, S. Development of Non-Asbestos Fiber Reinforced Sealing Materials and Study on Creep Relaxation Properties. Ph.D. Thesis, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China, 2001
3.
Zhang, M.; Liu, M.H.; Li, Y.X. Manufacturing and Analysis of Non-Asbestos Sealing Gasket. Adv. Mater. Res. 2014, 936, 1937–1941. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.936.1937.
4.
Tracy, D.; Arnio, B. Performance and Reliability of Non-Asbestos Gasketing Materials. SAE Tech. Pap. 1983, 830218. https://doi.org/10.4271/830218.
5.
Dotson, G.S. Characterization of Asbestos Exposure among Automotive Mechanics Servicing and Handling Asbestos-Containing Materials. Master’s Thesis, University of South Florid, Tampa, FL, USA, 2006. Available online: http://scholarcommons.usfedu/etd/2506 (accessed on 19 March 2024).
6.
Earl, M. Smoley: Gasket materials and forms. Mach. Des. 1969, 6, 67–73.
7.
Becker, N.; Berger, J.; Bolm-Audorff, U. Asbestos exposure and malignant lymphomas—A review of the epidemiological literature. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health 2001, 74, 459–469.
8.
Atkinson, S. The automotive industry’s reliance on efficient and precise application of sealing materials to vehicle parts. Sealing Technol. 2020, 2020, 1.
9.
Westerholm, P.; Remaéus, B.; Svartengren, M. The Tale of Asbestos in Sweden 1972–1986—The Pathway to a Near-Total Ban. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2017, 14, 1433.
10.
Yoon, Y.-R.; Kwak, K.M.; Choi, Y.; Youn, K.; Bahk, J.; Kang, D.-M.; Paek, D. The AsbeWesterholm P, Remaéus B, Svartengren M. The Tale of Asbestos in Sweden 1972–1986—The Pathway to a Near-Total Ban. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2017, 14, 1433.
11.
Furuya, S.; Takahashi, K. Experience of Japan in Achieving a Total Ban on Asbestos. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2017, 14, 1261. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14101261.
12.
Kazan-Allen, L. Global Asbestos Panorama 2019. Presented at the 2019 Asbestos Safety Conference, Perth, Australia, 12 November 2019.
13.
Xie, S.; Cai, R. Research Progress on Basic Properties of Asbestos-free Gaskets. Chem. Equip. Corros. Prot. 2003, 6, 85–87.
14.
Kitayama, H.; Tomizawa, T.; Takabori, Y.; Tanaka, A. Development of Non-asbestos Gasket Material. SAE Technical Paper 1991, No. 912542.
15.
Cheng R.T.; McDermott, H.J. 1991 Exposure to asbestos from asbestos gaskets Appl. Occup. Environ. Hyg. 1991, 6, 588–591.
16.
Muller, H. Fluid Sealing Technology-Principles and Applications; Routledge: New York, NY, USA, 1998.
17.
Nagai, T.; Hamada, Y.; Yamashita, K.; Akiyoshi, K.; Mochizuki, S. Development of Joint Sheet Gasket with Reduced Amount of Aramid Fibers. SAE Tech. Pap. 2018, 2018-32-0026.
18.
Zhu, Y.; Wang, Z.; Wu, S. Development and Application of High-performance Gasket in Automobile Powertrain. Automob. Technol. Mater. 2018, 2018(2), 45–49.
19.
Zhang, B.; Jin, X.; Xu, T.; Xu, Y.; Yang, C. Sealing characteristics of aramid fiber reinforced rubber gasket with scratch depth and width defects. Polym. Compos. 2023, 44, 4891–4904.
20.
Kanthabhabha Jeya, R.P.; Bouzid, A.H. Effect of thermal ratcheting on the mechanical properties of Teflon and fiber based gasket materials. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47265.
21.
Hahn, C. Characteristics of p-Aramid Fibers in Friction and Sealing Materials. J. Ind. Text. 2000, 30, 146–165. https://doi.org/10.1177/152808370003000205.
22.
Bickford, J. Gasket and Gasketed Joints; Marcel Dekker Inc.: New York, NY, USA, 1998.
23.
Rogers, R.J. Considerations in the formulations of gasket materials. Tappi 1991, 9, 127–132.
24.
Rogers, R.; Foster, R; Wastler, K. Factors Affecting the Formulation of Non-Asbestos Gasket Materials. SAE Tech. Pap. 1991, 910206. https://doi.org/10.4271/910206.
25.
Liu, M. Preparation and Properties of Asbestos-Free Latex Paper. Ph.D. Thesis, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China, 2004
26.
Hu, H.; Xie, S.; Liu, M. Design and Performance of Non-Asbestos Gasket Composite Materials; Shanghai University Press: Shanghai, China, 2006.
27.
Singh, A.; Kumar, V.; Garg, A. Powertrain NVH CAE Predictions with Gasket Consideration. SAE Tech. Pap. 2023, 2023-01-0423. https://doi.org/10.4271/2023-01-0423.
28.
Lorenz, B.; Persson, B.N. Leak rate of seals: Comparison of theory with experiment. Europhys. Lett. 2009, 86, 44006.
29.
Zhang, Q.; Chen, X.; Huang, Y.; Zhang, X. An Experimental Study of the Leakage Mechanism in Static Seals. Appl. Sci. 2018, 8, 1404. https://doi.org/10.3390/app8081404.
30.
Brown, W.; Derenne, M.; Bouzid, H.A. Determination of the Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Selected Gasket Types. In Proceedings of the ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference (PVP), Atlanta, GA, USA, 22–26 July 2001; American Society of Mechanical Engineers: New York, NY, USA; Volume 416; pp. 35–44.
31.
Yamaguchi, A.; Honda, T.; Hagihara, M.; Tsuji, H. Effect of Creep of Non-Asbestos Sheet Gaskets at Elevated Temperature on Relaxation Behavior of Bolted Flange Joints. In Proceedings of the Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference, Baltimore, MD, USA, 17–21 July 2011. https://doi.org/10.1115/PVP2011-57721.
32.
Liu, M.; Li, Y.; Tan, Y. Establishment of Creep Model of Non-asbestos Sealing Composite Material by Beater-addition Process and the Creep Performance Research. In Innovative Techniques and Applications of Modelling, Identification and Control; Zhu, Q., Na, J., Wu, X., Eds.; Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering; Springer: Singapore, 2018; Volume 467. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7212-3_11.
33.
Ravikumar, A.; Rietz, A. Leakage and assembly of gasket in truck exhaust aftertreatment systems. Eng. Fail. Anal. 2021, 126, 105463.
34.
Kammuang-Lue, N.; Boonjun, J. Design of Intake Manifold and Selection of Suitable Material for Intake Manifold Gasket for Student Formula. In Proceedings of the 2018 9th International Conference on Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering (ICMAE), Budapest, Hungary, 10–13 July 2018.
35.
Friedrich, M.; Kong, Y. Recent Advancements in Gaskets for Automatic Transmissions. SAE Tech. Pap. 1999, 1999-01-0594. https://doi.org/10.4271/1999-01-0594.
36.
Bistriceanu, D.P.; Bujoreanu, C. Influence of sealing gasket distortion on diesel engine injection pump mounting. In Proceedings of the IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, Iasi, Romania, 19–22 June 2019; Modern Technologies in Industrial Engineering VII (ModTech2019); Volume 591.
37.
Lu, Y.C. Effects of Viscoelastic Properties of Engine Cover Sealing System on Noise and Vibration Attenuation. Int. J. Mech. Mater. Des. 2006, 3, 277–284.
38.
Yang, B. Development of High-Performance Composite Sealing Gaskets for Automotive Engines. Ph.D. Thesis, Jilin University, Changchun, China, 2011.
39.
Aibada, N.; Manickam, R.; Gupta, K.K.; Raichurkar, P. Review on Various Gaskets Based on the Materials, their Characteristics and Applications. Int. J. Text. Eng. Processes 2017, 3, 12–18.

Scilight Press

Author Information

Abstract

Keywords

References

About Scilight

Journals

Publishing Policies

Contact Us