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2508001109
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Laminar Burning Velocity of NH3/CH4/H2/CO2/Air Premixed Flames under Elevated Temperatures and Pressures: An Experimental and Kinetic Study

  • Wenchao Zhu 1,   
  • Xiangyu Meng 1, *,   
  • Zechuan Cui 2,   
  • Jiangping Tian 2,   
  • Wuqiang Long 2

Received: 08 Jul 2025 | Revised: 05 Aug 2025 | Accepted: 12 Aug 2025 | Published: 14 Aug 2025

Abstract

Blending with methane (CH4) considerably enhances the reactivity of pure ammonia (NH3) during co-firing. The partial cracking of NH3 produces hydrogen (H2), which further improves combustion efficiency. Additionally, the addition of carbon dioxide (CO2) helps significantly reduce nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions. However, fundamental experimental data on the laminar combustion characteristics of NH3/CH4/H2/CO2/air flames are scarce, especially under elevated temperatures and pressures. In this work, laminar burning velocities (LBV) of NH3/CH4/H2/CO2/air premixed flames were measured in a constant volume combustion chamber (CVCC) at different CO2 additions (XCO2 = 0%, 10% and 30%), fuel compositions (40/40/20 and 30/30/40 NH3/CH4/H2) at 500 K and 5 atm. The results indicated that CO2 dilution suppresses the formation of surface wrinkles on the flame, whereas excessive dilution leads to an upward shift of the flame center. The inhibitory effect of CO2 on the LBV is primarily attributed to the dilution-induced reduction in the concentrations of O, H, and OH radicals, followed by thermal effects. As the CO2 dilution ratio and equivalence ratio increase, the reverse direction of reaction R21 (CO + OH = CO2 + H) is significantly enhanced. This reaction competes with R1 (H + O2 = O + OH) for H radicals, thereby effectively suppressing flame propagation. Moreover, when the CO2 dilution ratio increases from 0% to 50%, NO emissions decrease significantly. The proportion of thermal + prompt NO decreases from approximately 10% to below 2%, mainly due to the substantial decrease in adiabatic flame temperature.

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DOI
10.53941/ijamm.2025.100018
Issue
Volume 4, Issue 3
How to Cite
Zhu, W.; Meng, X.; Cui, Z.; Tian, J.; Long, W. Laminar Burning Velocity of NH3/CH4/H2/CO2/Air Premixed Flames under Elevated Temperatures and Pressures: An Experimental and Kinetic Study. International Journal of Automotive Manufacturing and Materials 2025, 4 (3), 6. https://doi.org/10.53941/ijamm.2025.100018.
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