JMAI/
Articles/
2507000913
  • Open Access
  • Review
Gluten Is a Nutritional Adjuvant That Fulfils ASIA Syndrome Criteria
  • Aaron Lerner 1, *, †,   
  • Carina BenZvi 1, †,   
  • Aristo Vojdani 2, †

Received: 11 Apr 2025 | Revised: 19 Jun 2025 | Accepted: 23 Jun 2025 | Published: 03 Jul 2025

Abstract

The incidence of autoimmune diseases is on the rise, and multiple pathophysiological mechanisms may contribute to this trend. These include sequence similarity, cross reactive antibodies, molecular mimicry, dysbiosis, post-translational modification of processed nutrients, and luminal horizontal gene transfer. Recently, environmental adjuvants have been suggested to play an active role in auto-immunogenesis, collectively referred to as the ASIA syndrome (autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants). The present narrative review provides a comprehensive overview of gluten, a widely consumed food additive, known for its pro-inflammatory and immunogenic properties. Gluten is implicated in several autoimmune conditions and meets both the major and minor diagnostic criteria for ASIA syndrome as an adjuvant. It is hoped that this present review will stimulate furthermore research on gluten, aiming to mitigate its risky aspects for public health. 

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DOI
10.53941/jmai.2025.100008
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Volume 1, Issue 1
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Lerner, A.; BenZvi, C.; Vojdani, A. Gluten Is a Nutritional Adjuvant That Fulfils ASIA Syndrome Criteria. Journal of Mosaic of Autoimmunity 2025, 1 (1), 8. https://doi.org/10.53941/jmai.2025.100008.
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