A Brief Overview of Air-Processed Polycrystalline Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes

Xi Chen; Eng Liang Lim; Zhanhua Wei

Abstract

Perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) have attracted tremendous attention owing to their exceptional luminescent properties. Through extensive research efforts, the external quantum efficiency of fabricated PeLEDs under controlled environments has reached 42.9%. Nevertheless, the realization of high-performance and stable PeLEDs fabricated in ambient air is critically important, as it offers reduced manufacturing costs and compatibility with large-area fabrication processes. However, the primary challenge of air-processed PeLEDs lies in humidity-induced degradation and altered crystallization kinetics, leading to increased defect density and phase transitions within the perovskite films during the deposition process. In this review, we explore the impact of ambient moisture on perovskite films while highlighting recent strategies for optimizing air-processed PeLEDs through additive engineering, antisolvent engineering, and interface engineering. Furthermore, we discuss the remaining challenges associated with air-processed PeLEDs and outline future research directions for scalable and reliable manufacturing, aiming to guide the development of high-efficiency PeLEDs with superior stability.

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