The Norovirus Disease (NVD) caused by the Norovirus, primarily effects the stomach and intestine. It is highly contagious illness that can quickly spread into an epidemic, specifically when the healthy individuals come into contact with shared utensils or surfaces used by the EVD infected patients. The scientists and governments are rigorously working to keep these epidemic diseases under control. In this paper, we discuss how to eradicate and control NVD in the community. Many researchers have presented different models for NVD, but further extensions are still needed to increase precision, so in this paper we presented a more general mathematical model SEVIHDR, that incorporates the severe case of dehydration caused by NVD. Dehydration is severely affecting individuals and causing mortality if remained untreated timely as been reported. The study of this model include bifurcation, stability, positivity and boundedness. Lastly, the different graphical approaches are presented, which confirm the effectiveness of the proposed model.
- Open Access
- Article
Bifurcation and Stability Analysis of Norovirus Disease
- Muhammad Ibrar 1,
- Imtiaz Ahmad 1,2,*,
- Nigar Ali 1,2,
- Sehra Khan 3,
- Dragan Pamucar 4,
- Haci Mehmet Baskonus 2,
- Zeeshan Ali 5
Author Information
Received: 10 Nov 2025 | Revised: 17 Dec 2025 | Accepted: 29 Dec 2025 | Published: 16 Jan 2026
Abstract
Keywords
deterministic model | incidence rate | stability analysis | bifurcation
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