Preparation and Electrochemical Performance of P2-Type Na0.6Li0.1CoO2 Cathode for Sodium-Ion Batteries

Chang-Lu Zheng; Ting-Fa Li; Xue-Ping Gao

Abstract

In sodium-ion batteries, layered oxide cathode materials offer the advantage of high electrochemical specific capacity. Especially, their crystal structure can accommodate Na⁺ ions with a relatively large radius and provide good diffusion pathways, thereby enabling excellent high-rate performance. Among various oxide cathode materials, P2-type layered transition-metal oxides have emerged as highly promising candidates for sodium-ion batteries due to their high capacity, good rate capability, and stable cycling performance. In this work, P2-type Na_0.7CoO₂ was successfully prepared using Na₂CO₃ and Co₃O₄ as raw materials through a simple high-temperature solid-state preparation method. Furthermore, the partial substitution of Na with Li is used here to prepare Na_0.6Li_0.1CoO₂. It is confirmed from XRD analysis that both oxides, before and after Li substitution, have the P2-type layered structure with a hexagonal lattice (space group P63/mmc). A trace amount of the LiCoO₂ impurity phase is detected in the Li-substituted sample. It is revealed from electrochemical measurements that the Na_0.6Li_0.1CoO₂ cathode delivers the large discharge capacity of 129.7 mAh g⁻¹ at 1C rate, representing a 12.6% increase over the pristine Na_0.7CoO₂. Meanwhile, Na_0.6Li_0.1CoO₂ also exhibits excellent high-rate discharge capability, retaining the discharge capacity of 93.1 mAh g⁻¹ at 20 C rate. In addition, Na_0.6Li_0.1CoO₂ cathode shows good cycling stability, with the good capacity retention of 81.8% after 300 cycles.

References

1.
Chen, S.; Jeong, S.R.; Tao, S. Key materials and future perspective for aqueous rechargeable lithium-ion batteries. Mater. Rep. Energy 2022, 2, 100096.
2.
Zhao, Y.; Kang, Y.; Wozny, J.; et al. Recycling of sodium-ion batteries. Nat. Rev. Mater. 2023, 8, 623–634.
3.
Yang, Y.; Gao, C.; Luo, T.; et al. Unlocking the Potential of Li-Rich Mn-Based Oxides for High-Rate Rechargeable Lithium-Ion Batteries. Adv. Mater. 2023, 35, 2307138.
4.
Thi Thu Hoa, N.; Van Ky, N.; Trung Son, L.; et al. Facile synthesis of cobalt-doped sodium lithium manganese oxide with superior rate capability and excellent cycling performance for sodium-ion battery. J. Electroanal. Chem. 2023, 929, 117129.
5.
Usiskin, R.; Lu, Y.; Popovic, J.; et al. Fundamentals, status and promise of sodium-based batteries. Nat. Rev. Mater. 2021, 6, 1020–1035.
6.
Huang, Z.-X.; Zhang, X.-L.; Zhao, X.-X.; et al. Suppressing oxygen redox in layered oxide cathode of sodium-ion batteries with ribbon superstructure and solid-solution behavior. J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 2023, 160, 9–17.
7.
Song, T.; Chen, L.; Gastol, D.; et al. High-Voltage Stabilization of O3-Type Layered Oxide for Sodium-Ion Batteries by Simultaneous Tin Dual Modification. Chem. Mater. 2022, 34, 4153–4165.
8.
Wang, Y.; Zhao, X.; Jin, J.; et al. Boosting the Reversibility and Kinetics of Anionic Redox Chemistry in Sodium-Ion Oxide Cathodes via Reductive Coupling Mechanism. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2023, 145, 22708–22719.
9.
Jia, X.-B.; Wang, J.; Liu, Y.-F.; et al. Facilitating Layered Oxide Cathodes Based on Orbital Hybridization for Sodium-Ion Batteries: Marvelous Air Stability, Controllable High Voltage, and Anion Redox Chemistry. Adv. Mater. 2024, 36, 2307938.
10.
Hounjet, L.J. Comparing lithium- and sodium-ion batteries for their applicability within energy storage systems. Energy Storage 2022, 4, e309.
11.
Duffner, F.; Kronemeyer, N.; Tübke, J.; et al. Post-lithium-ion battery cell production and its compatibility with lithium-ion cell production infrastructure. Nat. Energy 2021, 6, 123–134.
12.
Zheng, W.; Liang, G.; Liu, Q.; et al. The promise of high-entropy materials for high-performance rechargeable Li-ion and Na-ion batteries. Joule 2023, 7, 2732–2748.
13.
Peng, B.; Sun, Z.; Jiao, S.; et al. Facile self-templated synthesis of P2-type Na0.7CoO2 microsheets as a long-term cathode for high-energy sodium-ion batteries. J. Mater. Chem. A 2019, 7, 13922–13927.
14.
He, M.; Davis, R.; Chartouni, D.; et al. Assessment of the first commercial Prussian blue based sodium-ion battery. J. Power Sources 2022, 548, 232036.
15.
Gu, Z.Y.; Zhao, X.X.; Li, K.; et al. Homeostatic Solid Solution Reaction in Phosphate Cathode: Breaking High-Voltage Barrier to Achieve High Energy Density and Long Life of Sodium-Ion Batteries. Adv. Mater. 2024, 36, 2400690.
16.
Ouyang, B.; Chen, T.; Liu, X.; et al. Double sites doping local chemistry Adjustment: A Multiple-Layer oriented P2-Type cathode with Long-life and Water/Air stability for sodium ion batteries. Chem. Eng. J. 2023, 458, 141384.
17.
Liu, Y.-F.; Han, K.; Peng, D.-N.; et al. Layered oxide cathodes for sodium-ion batteries: From air stability, interface chemistry to phase transition. InfoMat 2023, 5, e12422.
18.
Wang, X.; Luo, J.; Dou, W.; et al. Stimulating the redox capacity by multi-ion substitution for P2-type sodium-ion battery cathodes. Mater. Today Energy 2024, 43, 101584.
19.
Zhou, D.; Zeng, C.; Ling, D.; et al. Sustainable alternative cathodes of sodium-ion batteries using hybrid P2/O3 phase Na0.67Fe0.5Mn0.5−xMgxO2. J. Alloys Compd. 2023, 931, 167567.
20.
Feng, J.; Luo, S.H.; Qian, L.; et al. Properties of the “Z”-Phase in Mn-Rich P2-Na0.67Ni0.1Mn0.8Fe0.1O2 as Sodium-Ion-Battery Cathodes. Small 2023, 19, 2208005.
21.
Shi, S.; Yang, B.; Bai, S.; et al. Ti-doped O3-NaNi0.5Mn0.5O2 as high-performance cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries. Solid State Ion. 2024, 411, 116554.
22.
Pei, Q.; Lu, M.; Liu, Z.; et al. Improving the Na0.67Ni0.33Mn0.67O2 Cathode Material for High-Voltage Cyclability via Ti/Cu Codoping for Sodium-Ion Batteries. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. 2022, 5, 1953–1962.
23.
Hu, H.-Y.; Li, J.-Y.; Liu, Y.-F.; et al. Developing an abnormal high-Na-content P2-type layered oxide cathode with near-zero-strain for high-performance sodium-ion batteries. Chem. Sci. 2024, 15, 5192–5200.
24.
Kang, S.M.; Park, J.-H.; Jin, A.; et al. Na+/Vacancy Disordered P2-Na0.67Co1–xTixO2: High-Energy and High-Power Cathode Materials for Sodium Ion Batteries. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2018, 10, 3562–3570.
25.
Feng, J.; Fang, D.; Yang, Z.; et al. A novel P2/O3 composite cathode toward synergistic electrochemical optimization for sodium ion batteries. J. Power Sources 2023, 553, 232292.
26.
Gao, L.; Chen, S.; Zhang, L.; et al. Self-supported Na0.7CoO2 nanosheet arrays as cathodes for high performance sodium ion batteries. J. Power Sources 2018, 396, 379–385.
27.
Li, J.; Xiong, S.; Liu, J.; et al. Lamellar P2-Na0.7CoO2 enables long-cycle life of sodium-ion batteries. Ionics 2025, 31, 10367–10375.
28.
Xu, J.; Liu, H.; Meng, Y.S. Exploring Li substituted O3-structured layered oxides NaLixNi1/3−xMn1/3+xCo1/3−xO2 (x = 0.07, 0.13, and 0.2) as promising cathode materials for rechargeable Na batteries. Electrochem. Commun. 2015, 60, 13–16.
29.
Ding, Y.; Wang, S.; Sun, Y.; et al. Layered cathode-Na0.67Li0.15Ni0.18Mg0.02Mn0.8O2 with P2/O3 hybrid phase for high-performance Na-ion batteries. J. Alloys Compd. 2023, 939, 168780.
30.
Chen, Y.; Su, G.; Cheng, X.; et al. Electrochemical performances of P2-Na2/3Ni1/3Mn2/3O2 doped with Li and Mg for high cycle stability. J. Alloys Compd. 2021, 858, 157717.
31.
Wang, J.E.; Han, W.H.; Chang, K.J.; et al. New insight into Na intercalation with Li substitution on alkali site and high performance of O3-type layered cathode material for sodium ion batteries. J. Mater. Chem. A 2018, 6, 22731–22740.
32.
Muruganantham, R.; Chiu, Y.T.; Yang, C.C.; et al. An Efficient Evaluation of F-doped Polyanion Cathode Materials with Long Cycle Life for Na-Ion Batteries Applications. Sci. Rep. 2017, 7, 14808.

Scilight Press

Author Information

Abstract

Keywords

References

About Scilight

Journals

Publishing Policies

Contact Us