Therapeutic Potential of Bioactive Natural Product in Crohn’s Disease: Focus on Redox Homeostasis and Inflammatory Signalling

Nageswar Panda; Rajkumari Sukanya Datta; Soumyashree Tripathy; Amiya Kumar Prusty

doi:10.53941/npa.2026.100016

Abstract

Crohn’s disease can be described as an example of inflammatory bowel disease with distinctive features of oxidative stress, immune regulation disorder, and damaged integrity of the intestine. Nevertheless, although there have been many achievements in the traditional treatment of this disease using approaches such as biological and immunosuppressive drugs, the treatment has its drawbacks, including side effects, lack of effectiveness in some patients, and high costs. That is why there has been a recent trend in developing bioactive substances derived from plants, sea organisms, or even microorganisms. The bioactive substances include flavonoids, polyphenols, and saponins, as well as polysaccharides and peptides derived from sea organisms. Some examples are resveratrol, curcumin, and fucoidan, which have been proven to be efficient in regulating the biochemical processes related to disease progression and especially transcriptional activation via the NF-κB pathway and cytokine-induced inflammation. In addition, manipulation of the gut flora by probiotics is a potential complementary approach. However, the use of these compounds has been limited by the problems related to low bioavailability, quick metabolic turnover, and systemic absorption. Modern technologies in drug delivery and formulation would be necessary for the improvement of the effectiveness of these methods. Therefore, bioactive compounds could be regarded as an innovative and emerging therapeutic approach to treat Crohn’s disease.

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