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An Overview of Digitalization Pathways for Green Hydrogen Production: AI, Machine Learning, IoT, Digital Twin, and Blockchain

  • Ali Mahmoud Nassar 1, 2,   
  • Montaser Mahmoud 1,   
  • Adnan Alashkar 1, 3, *

Received: 25 Aug 2025 | Revised: 30 Sep 2025 | Accepted: 27 Oct 2025 | Published: 30 Oct 2025

Abstract

The expansion of green hydrogen utilization is increasing globally due to the current focus on sustainable energy transformation. However, this shift is accompanied by significant issues related to fluctuations, control strategies, and supply chains. In that regard, digital technology plays a major role in promoting the development of green hydrogen. This paper reviews current advances in the digitalization of green hydrogen production, mainly based on electrolysis of water. This review features topics such as artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), the Internet of Things (IoT), digital twin (DT), and blockchain applications. These technologies are suitable for applications across micro-, meso-, and macro-scales and have been utilized to improve process optimization, real-time monitoring, predictive analytics, and system scalability. It has been shown that production efficiency and resource utilization can be significantly enhanced through data-driven control and automation. Moreover, blockchain frameworks have been adopted to secure transactions and increase transparency across hydrogen supply chains. Although certain challenges such as infrastructure limitations and data interoperability remain unresolved, the role of digitalization in enabling low-emission, intelligent hydrogen production has been firmly established. As energy systems evolve toward decarbonization, the convergence of renewable energy and digital control is expected to shape the next phase of the global hydrogen economy.

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DOI
10.53941/rset.2025.100011
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Volume 2, Issue 1
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Nassar, A. M.; Mahmoud, M.; Alashkar, A. An Overview of Digitalization Pathways for Green Hydrogen Production: AI, Machine Learning, IoT, Digital Twin, and Blockchain. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Technology 2026, 2 (1), 3. https://doi.org/10.53941/rset.2025.100011.
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