Functional MOF-Mediated Platforms for Potentiating Tumor Hyperthermia: A Review

Diyi Feng; Liqin Ge

Abstract

Tumor hyperthermia represents a minimally invasive therapeutic modality designed to selectively eliminate cancer cells or augment the efficacy of combination regimens via localized temperature elevation. Conventional interventions, including surgical resection, radiotherapy (RT), and chemotherapy (CT) are constrained by intrinsic tumor heterogeneity, acquired drug resistance, and the complex tumor microenvironment, factors that collectively limit therapeutic outcomes. In this context, localized hyperthermia provides a physical mechanism to disrupt malignant cells while concurrently enhancing chemotherapeutic penetration and potentiating antitumor immune responses. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have recently emerged as highly versatile platforms for tumor hyperthermia owing to their precisely tunable three-dimensional porous structures, diverse metal node compositions, and adaptable surface functionalization capabilities. These materials can directly convert light or MW energy into thermal energy and can also function as carriers for chemotherapeutic drugs or microwave (MW) sensitizers, thereby enabling multimodal synergistic interventions. This review presents a comprehensive analysis of recent progress in MOF-based photothermal therapy (PTT) and microwave hyperthermia (MWH), with particular emphasis on material design, mechanistic insights into heat generation, and strategies for functional integration. By systematically evaluating intrinsic, composite, and derived MOF systems, the review seeks to establish a theoretical and materials science framework for the rational development of efficient, controllable, and clinically translatable MOF-based tumor hyperthermia platforms.

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