2606004329
  • Open Access
  • Editorial

The Determined Human: Science Diplomacy in the Age of the Algorithm

  • Archana Sharma 1,2

Received: 12 Mar 2026 | Revised: 20 May 2026 | Accepted: 18 Jun 2026 | Published: 30 Jun 2026

Abstract

This essay interrogates the ontological transformation of the scientific enterprise under contemporary technological overload. Its central contention is that we are witnessing a transition from an Enlightenment tradition of human-centric causal inquiry to an age of algorithmic determinism, in which the efficient processing of human variables threatens to render the scientist, and the science diplomat, obsolete. Drawing on Erich Fromm’s existentialist critique, Roger Penrose’s argument for the non-computability of human consciousness, and Michael Polanyi’s account of tacit knowledge, the essay argues that machine logic is hollowing out both the scientific temper and the diplomatic agency of the state. The ‘Ghost’, a term deliberately inverted from Gilbert Ryle, denotes the irreducibly non-computable dimension of human cognition that no algorithm can capture. The essay finds that science diplomacy’s survival depends on reclaiming this dimension: advocating for a diplomacy that prioritises the undetermined over the efficient, and insisting that the future of humanity remain a shared negotiation rather than a solved equation.

References 

  • 1.

    Fromm, E. The Sane Society; Routledge & Kegan Paul: London, UK, 1955.

  • 2.

    The Royal Society. New Frontiers in Science Diplomacy: Navigating the Changing Balance of Power; RS Policy Document 01/10; The Royal Society: London, UK, 2010. Available online: https://royalsociety.org/-/media/policy/publications/2010/4294969468.pdf (accessed on 18 February 2026).

  • 3.

    Anderson, R.S. Nucleus and Nation: Scientists, International Networks, and Power in India; University of Chicago Press: Chicago, IL, USA, 2010.

  • 4.

    Anderson, C. The End of Theory: The Data Deluge Makes the Scientific Method Obsolete. Wired. 2008. Available online: https://www.wired.com/2008/06/pb-theory (accessed on 26 January 2026).

  • 5.

    Nehru, J. The Discovery of India; Signet Press: Calcutta, India, 1946.

  • 6.

    Kennedy, R.F. Thirteen Days: A Memoir of the Cuban Missile Crisis; Macmillan: London, UK, 1969.

  • 7.

    Snow, C.P. The Two Cultures and the Scientific Revolution; Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK, 1959.

  • 8.

    Lupton, D. The Quantified Self: A Sociology of Self-Tracking; Polity Press: Cambridge, UK, 2016.

  • 9.

    Von Humboldt, W. On the Internal and External Organization of the Higher Scientific Institutions in Berlin. In Humanist Without Portfolio; Cowan, M., Ed. and Translator; Wayne State University Press: Detroit, MI, USA, 1810.

  • 10.

    Farrell, H.; Newman, A.L. Weaponized Interdependence: How Global Economic Networks Shape State Coercion. Int. Secur. 2019, 44, 42–79. https://doi.org/10.1162/isec_a_00351.

  • 11.

    Kant, I. Critique of Judgement; Bernard, J.H., Translator; Macmillan: London, UK, 1790; pp. 23–29.

  • 12.

    Morozov, E. To Save Everything, Click Here: The Folly of Technological Solutionism; PublicAffairs: New York, NY, USA, 2013.

  • 13.

    Polanyi, M. The Republic of Science: Its Political and Economic Theory. Minerva 1962, 1, 54–73.

  • 14.

    Wiener, N. Cybernetics: Or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine; Hermann & Cie: Paris, France, 1948.

  • 15.

    Dikötter, F. Mao’s Great Famine: The History of China’s Most Devastating Catastrophe, 1958–1962; Bloomsbury: London, UK, 2010.

  • 16.

    Polanyi, K. The Great Transformation: The Political and Economic Origins of Our Time; Farrar & Rinehart: New York, NY, USA, 1944.

  • 17.

    Ryle, G. The Concept of Mind; Hutchinson: London, UK, 1949.

  • 18.

    Penrose, R. The Emperor’s New Mind: Concerning Computers, Minds, and the Laws of Physics; Oxford University Press: Oxford, UK, 1989.

  • 19.

    Penrose, R. Shadows of the Mind: A Search for the Missing Science of Consciousness; Oxford University Press: Oxford, UK, 1994.

  • 20.

    Abraham, I. The Making of the Indian Atomic Bomb: Science, Secrecy and the Postcolonial State; Zed Books: London, UK, 1998.

  • 21.

    Krige, J. American Hegemony and the Postwar Reconstruction of Science in Europe; MIT Press: Cambridge, MA, USA, 2006.

  • 22.

    Pestre, D.; Krige, J. Some Thoughts on the Early History of CERN. In Big Science; Galison, P., Hevly, B., Eds.; Stanford University Press: Stanford, CA, USA, 1992.

Share this article:
How to Cite
Sharma, A. The Determined Human: Science Diplomacy in the Age of the Algorithm. Highlights in High-Energy Physics 2026, 2 (2), 8. https://doi.org/10.53941/hihep.2026.100008.
RIS
BibTex
Copyright & License
article copyright Image
Copyright (c) 2026 by the authors.