Metal–Organic Frameworks: Morphological Diversity and Applications of Rod, Sheet, Cubic and Octahedral Structures

Surulivel Gokul Eswaran; Yajun Gao; Aijian Wang

doi:10.53941/sen.2026.100005

Abstract

Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as versatile crystalline materials morphology significantly governs their physicochemical properties. The novelty of morphological diversity in MOFs is particularly evident in their 1D, 2D and 3D frameworks, each offering unique structural advantages and functional opportunities. Each morphology is explored in terms of its structural functionality, synthetic strategies and application potential. The rod like morphologies for directional transport and anisotropic growth. The sheet like forms for their ultrathin, high surface area characteristics. Cubic frameworks are highlighted for their uniform porosity and stability. Similarly, octahedral structures for their enhanced surface exposure and synthesis pathways are discussed, emphasizing morphology control through ligand design, solvent modulation and templating approaches. It reveals the shape dependent properties determine performance. In this study, introduces a comparative perspective on morphology driven advantages, bridging fundamental insights with practical device engineering. The MOFs based different morphology was used in several applications. The MOFs morphology as a primary parameter, it positions morphology as a central design principle for next generation MOF based devices. In future point of view, the MOFs synthesis and their properties were unique and applied in various applications. This comprehensive framework establishes morphology as a key axis for innovation in MOFs research. It paves the way for tailored applications in energy, environment and materials science.

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