2511002295
  • Open Access
  • Article

Fixed-Time Synchronization of Memristor-Based Stochastic BAM Neural Networks with Time-Varying Delays

  • Li Zuhao,   
  • Zhao Meidan,   
  • Abdujelil Abdurahman *

Received: 09 Oct 2025 | Revised: 10 Nov 2025 | Accepted: 17 Nov 2025 | Published: 03 Dec 2025

Abstract

This paper considers the fixed-time synchronization of memristor-based bidirectional associative memory neural networks with stochastic perturbations and time-varying delays via designing concise function based continuous controllers. First, under the Filippov set-valued mapping framework, the discontinuous stochastic memristor-based bidirectional associative memory neural networks model is transformed to stochastic differential inclusion. Then, two innovative controllers are designed to achieve fixed-time synchronization for the system: a nonlinear state feedback controller without linear terms, which significantly simplifies the design complexity, and an adaptive control scheme with an efficient update law, which automatically adjusts coupling strength of the control gain to save overall control cost. Furthermore, some sufficient criteria for the fixed-time synchronization in probability of considered system are established by using improved fixed-time stability results and some inequality techniques. Finally, the effectiveness of established theoretical results is demonstrated through two numerical examples.

References 

  • 1.

    Chua, L. Memristor-the missing circuit element. IEEE Trans. Circuit Theory 1971, 18, 507–519.

  • 2.

    Williams, R.S. How we found the missing memristor. IEEE Spectr. 2008, 45, 28–35.

  • 3.

    Corinto, F.; Ascoli, A. A boundary condition-based approach to the modeling of memristor nanostructures. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Regul. Pap. 2012, 59, 2713–2726.

  • 4.

    Wang, L.; He, H.; Zeng, Z. Global synchronization of fuzzy memristive neural networks with discrete and distributed delays.
    IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst. 2019, 28, 2022–2034.

  • 5.

    Abdurahman, A.; Jiang, H.; Teng, Z. Finite-time synchronization for memristor-based neural networks with time-varying
    delays. Neural Netw. 2015, 69, 20–28.

  • 6.

    Wang, L.; Wu, J.; Wang, X. Finite-time stabilization of memristive neural networks with time delays. Neural Process. Lett.
    2021, 53, 299–318.

  • 7.

    Kosko, B. Bidirectional associative memories. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. 1988, 18, 49–60.

  • 8.

    Gan, Q.; Li, L.; Yang, J.; et al. Improved results on fixed-/preassigned-time synchronization for memristive complex-valued
    neural networks. IEEE Trans. Neural Netw. Learn. Syst. 2022, 33, 5542–5556.

  • 9.

    Cao, J.; Wan, Y. Matrix measure strategies for stability and synchronization of inertial BAM neural network with time
    delays. Neural Netw. 2014, 53, 165–172.

  • 10.

    Zhang, Z.; Liu, K. Existence and global exponential stability of a periodic solution to interval general bidirectional associative
    memory (BAM) neural networks with multiple delays on time scales. Neural Netw. 2011, 24, 427–439.

  • 11.

    Mathiyalagan, K.; Park, J.; Sakthivel, R. Synchronization for delayed memristive BAM neural networks using impulsive
    control with random nonlinearities. Appl. Math. Comput. 2015, 259, 967–979.

  • 12.

    Abdurahman, A.; Jiang, H.; Teng, Z. Finite-time synchronization for fuzzy cellular neural networks with time-varying
    delays. Fuzzy Sets Syst. 2016, 297, 96–111.

  • 13.

    Long, C.; Zhang, G.; Zeng, Z. Finite-time lag synchronization of inertial neural networks with mixed infinite time-varying
    delays and state-dependent switching. Neurocomputing 2021, 433, 50–58.

  • 14.

    Wang, L.; Zhang, C.K. Exponential synchronization of memristor-based competitive neural networks with reaction-diffusions
    and infinite distributed delays. IEEE Trans. Neural Netw. Learn. Syst. 2022, 35, 745–758.

  • 15.

    Polyakov, A. Nonlinear feedback design for fixed-time stabilization of linear control systems. IEEE Trans. Autom. Control
    2011, 57, 2106–2110.

  • 16.

    Xiao, J.; Zeng, Z.; Wen, S. Finite-/fixed-time synchronization of delayed coupled discontinuous neural networks with unified
    control schemes. IEEE Trans. Neural Netw. Learn. Syst. 2020, 32, 2535–2546.

  • 17.

    Wang, D.; Li, L. Fixed-time synchronization of delayed memristive neural networks with impulsive effects via novel
    fixed-time stability theorem. Neural Netw. 2023, 163, 75–85.

  • 18.

    Li, H.; Hu, C.; Zhang, G. Fixed-/Preassigned-time stabilization of delayed memristive neural networks. Inf. Sci. 2022, 610,
    624–636.

  • 19.

    Kong, F.; Zhu, Q.; Huang, T. Improved fixed-time stability lemma of discontinuous system and its application. IEEE Trans.
    Circuits Syst. Regul. Pap. 2021, 69, 835–846.

  • 20.

    Song, Y.; Xu, W. Asymmetric l´evy noise changed stability in a gene transcriptional regulatory system. Chaos Solitons
    Fractals 2021, 151, 111211.

  • 21.

    Giebel, S.; Rainer, M. Stochastic processes adapted by neural networks with application to climate, energy, and finance.
    Appl. Math. Comput. 2011, 218, 1003–1007.

  • 22.

    Arbi, A.; Tahri, N. Synchronization analysis of novel delayed dynamical Clifford-valued neural networks on timescales. J.
    Algorithms Comput. Technol. 2024, 18. https://doi.org/10.1177/17483026241241492

  • 23.

    Gong, S.; Guo, Z.; Liu, M. Aperiodic event-triggered synchronization control for neural networks with stochastic perturbations
    and time delay. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II Express Briefs 2022, 70, 1986–1990.

  • 24.

    Wan, L.; Zhou, Q. Asymptotic behaviors of stochastic Cohen–Grossberg neural networks with mixed time-delays. Appl.
    Math. Comput. 2013, 225, 541–549.

  • 25.

    Yu, J.; Yu, S.; Li, J. Fixed-time stability theorem of stochastic nonlinear systems. Int. J. Control 2018, 92, 2194–2200.

  • 26.

    Liu, X.; Ho, D. Finite/fixed-time pinning synchronization of complex networks with stochastic disturbances. IEEE Trans.
    Cybern. 2019, 49, 2398–2403.

  • 27.

    Wang, L.; Shen, Y.; Zhang, G. Synchronization of a class of switched neural networks with time-varying delays via nonlinear
    feedback control. IEEE Trans. Cybern. 2015, 46, 2300–2310.

  • 28.

    Shi, T.; Hu, C.; Yu, J. Internal/Boundary Control-Based Fixed-Time Synchronization for Spatiotemporal Networks. IEEE
    Trans. Cybern. 2024, 54, 6693–6706.

  • 29.

    Wan, P.; Sun, D.; Zhao, M. Finite-time and fixed-time anti-synchronization of Markovian neural networks with stochastic
    disturbances via switching control. Neural Netw. 2020, 123, 1–11.

  • 30.

    Hu, X.; Wang, L.; Zhang, C.K. Fixed-time synchronization of fuzzy complex dynamical networks with reaction-diffusion
    terms via intermittent pinning control. IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst. 2024, 32, 2307–2317.

  • 31.

    Kong, F.; Rajan, R. Finite-time and fixed-time synchronization control of discontinuous fuzzy Cohen-Grossberg neural
    networks with uncertain external perturbations and mixed time delays. Fuzzy Sets Syst. 2021, 411, 105–135.

  • 32.

    Chen, C.; Li, L.; Peng, H. Adaptive synchronization of memristor-based BAM neural networks with mixed delays. Appl.
    Math. Comput. 2018, 322, 100–110.

  • 33.

    Zhou, W.; Zhu, Q.; Shi, P. Adaptive synchronization for neutral-type neural networks with stochastic perturbation and
    Markovian switching parameters. IEEE Trans. Cybern. 2014, 44, 2848–2860.

  • 34.

    Arbi, A.; Cao, J.; Alsaedi, A. Improved synchronization analysis of competitive neural networks with time-varying delays.
    Nonlinear Anal. Model. Control 2018, 23, 82–107.

  • 35.

    Liu, S.;Wu, H.; Cao, J. Fixed-time synchronization for discontinuous delayed complex-valued networks with semi-Markovian
    switching and hybrid couplings via adaptive control. Int. J. Adapt. Control Signal Process. 2020, 34, 1359–1382.

  • 36.

    Wang, L.; Zeng, Z.; Hu, J. Controller design for global fixed-time synchronization of delayed neural networks with
    discontinuous activations. Neural Netw. 2017, 87, 122–131.

  • 37.

    Zhang, Y.; Zhuang, J.; Xia, Y. Fixed-time synchronization of the impulsive memristor-based neural networks. Commun.
    Nonlinear Sci. Numer. Simul. 2019, 77, 40–53.

  • 38.

    Chen, C.; Li, L.; Peng, H. Fixed-time synchronization of inertial memristor-based neural networks with discrete delay.
    Neural Netw. 2019, 109, 81–89.

  • 39.

    Zhou, L.; Lin, H.; Tan, F. Fixed/predefined-time synchronization of coupled memristor based neural networks with stochastic
    disturbance. Chaos Solitons Fractals 2023, 173, 113643.

  • 40.

    Jiang, G.; Wang, L.; Hu, X. Semiglobal fixed/preassigned-time synchronization of stochastic neural networks with random
    delay via adaptive control. Neurocomputing 2024, 593, 127832.

  • 41.

    Kisielewicz, M. Stochastic Differential Inclusions and Applications; Springer: New York, NY, USA, 2013.

  • 42.

    Huang, J.; Han, Z.; Cai, X. Control of time-delayed linear differential inclusions with stochastic disturbance. J. Frankl. Inst.
    2010, 347, 1895–1906.

  • 43.

    Wang, Q.; Zhao, H.; Liu, A. Predefined-time synchronization of stochastic memristor-based bidirectional associative
    memory neural networks with time-varying delays. IEEE Trans. Cogn. Dev. Syst. 2021, 14, 1584–1593.

  • 44.

    Abdurahman, A.; Abudusaimaiti, M.; Jiang, H. Fixed/predefined-time lag synchronization of complex-valued BAM neural
    networks with stochastic perturbations. Appl. Math. Comput. 2023, 444, 127811.

  • 45.

    Abudusaimaiti, M.; Abdurahman, A.; Jiang, H. Fixed/predefined-time synchronization of fuzzy neural networks with
    stochastic perturbations. Chaos Solitons Fractals 2022, 154, 111596.

  • 46.

    Bao, Y.; Zhang, Y.; Zhang, B. Fixed-time synchronization of coupled memristive neural networks via event-triggered control.
    Appl. Math. Comput. 2021, 411, 126542.

  • 47.

    Ping, J.; Zhu, S.; Liu, X. Finite/fixed-time synchronization of memristive neural networks via event-triggered control.
    Knowl.-Based Syst. 2022, 258, 110013.

Share this article:
How to Cite
Zuhao, L.; Meidan, Z.; Abdurahman, A. Fixed-Time Synchronization of Memristor-Based Stochastic BAM Neural Networks with Time-Varying Delays. Complex Systems Stability & Control 2025, 1 (1), 8.
RIS
BibTex
Copyright & License
article copyright Image
Copyright (c) 2025 by the authors.