Cross-Subject EEG Channel Selection Method for Lower Limb Brain-Computer Interface

Mingnan Wei; Mengjie Huang; Jiaying Ni

doi:10.53941/ijndi.2023.100008

Abstract

Lower limb motor imagery (MI) classification is a challenging research topic in the area of brain-computer interfaces (BCIs), and entails numerous signal channels to provide sufficient information about the background neural activity. However, practical applications often lack the environment to accommodate excessive channels due to the time-consuming setup process, inconvenient movement, and restricted application scenarios. The existing channel selection algorithms (designed for the individual subject) place a great deal of focus on the classified performance comparisons, whereas the significance of actual locations and neural functions of brain regions is disregarded. Although these algorithms require significant computation resources, their selected solutions cannot be re-used for other subjects to realize the cross-subject channel selection and improve the reusability of model due to poor interpretability and inapplicability. To date, there have been no investigations about the cross-subject channel selection problem for the lower limb MI stepping tasks. This study proposes an optimal cross-subject lower limb channel selection that selectively retains significant channels, narrows the computation scope of the selection, and obtains the optimal selection solutions. Through stepping-based MI experiments, the proposed optimal channel selection enables effective recognition in low-channel settings, thereby contributing a lot to the development of generic and convenient lower limb BCI systems. Additionally, statistical analysis reveals a significant difference in energy spectrum between left and right stepping-based MI tasks in the and bands of the frontal lobe channels, providing new evidence that the frontal lobe dramatically affects lower limb MI tasks.

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