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Triple-Threat Natural Hazard Harmonization (Based on Open Science and FAIR Principles): The Foinikas River Drainage Basin (Greece)

  • George Kaviris 1,*,   
  • Angelos Zymvragakis 1,   
  • Vassilis Sakkas 1,   
  • Ioannis Spingos 1,   
  • Hariklia D. Skilodimou 2,   
  • Stefania Alexandra Andriopoulou-Mounteanou 2,   
  • Zacharo Paliou 2,   
  • George D. Bathrellos 2,   
  • Eleftheria Papadimitriou 3,   
  • Vasileios Karakostas 3

Received: 26 May 2026 | Revised: 14 Jul 2026 | Accepted: 20 Aug 2026 | Published: 08 Sep 2026

Abstract

The Foinikas River drainage basin of the Western Gulf of Corinth, Greece, represents a complex tectonic environment that is highly susceptible to multiple natural threats. A high-resolution multi-hazard model is developed by integrating seismic, flood, and ground deformation hazards. Seismic hazard was assessed through a refined Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment (PSHA) using a logic tree approach to incorporate multiple source models and Ground Motion Models (GMMs). Flood susceptibility was represented using an existing flood hazard dataset derived from previous hydrological modeling and past flood events, available through an open-access repository. Ground deformation was quantified using satellite radar interferometry (InSAR) from the Copernicus European Ground Motion Service for the period 2019–2023 and compared with previous InSAR results spanning from 2002 to 2017. Results identified a clear spatial pattern: the southern rocky section of the basin exhibits very low hazard, whereas the northern and northeastern coastal areas show high to very high susceptibility, respectively. The integrated multi-hazard zonation, validated with an Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.95, demonstrates high predictive accuracy. The outcome of this study can be exploited by local authorities to enhance the management and urban planning of the hazard-prone sectors. All data used for multi-hazard modeling are open and publicly available through open repositories.

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Kaviris, G.; Zymvragakis, A.; Sakkas, V.; Spingos, I.; Skilodimou, H. D.; Andriopoulou-Mounteanou, S. A.; Paliou, Z.; Bathrellos, G. D.; Papadimitriou, E.; Karakostas, V. Triple-Threat Natural Hazard Harmonization (Based on Open Science and FAIR Principles): The Foinikas River Drainage Basin (Greece). Journal of Hazards, Risk and Resilience 2026, 1 (1), 22. https://doi.org/10.53941/jhrr.2026.100022.
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