Perovskite Thin Films Solar Cells: The Gas Quenching Method

Maria Azhar; Yenal Yalcinkaya; Daniele T. Cuzzupè; Yekitwork Abebe Temitmie; Muhammad Irfan Haider; Lukas Schmidt-Mende

doi:10.53941/matsus.2025.100005

Abstract

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are emerging as a promising technology for next-generation solar energy due to their high efficiency and cost-effectiveness. A critical step in the production of PSCs is the deposition of the perovskite absorber layer, the quality of which has a direct impact on the performance of device. Traditionally, quenching with an antisolvent is the main technique for the crystallization of perovskite film. However, gas quenching, an alternative approach in which pressurized gases (typically N₂) are used to supersaturate the perovskite precursor solution, has shown significant advantages. In contrast to quenching with antisolvents, gas quenching is more environmentally friendly, reduces chemical consumption, improves reproducibility, and offers better scalability for large-scale production. This review examines recent advances in gas quenching to produce high-quality perovskite films and compares the results with those achieved with antisolvent quenching. We highlight the performance benefits, environmental impact, and commercial scalability of gas quenching, and emphasize its potential to become the preferred method for industrial PSC production.

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