NF/
Articles/
2609005298
  • Open Access
  • Review

Electrospun Nanofibers for Wearable Electronics: Mechanism, Material, Structure and Application

  • Weili Zhao,   
  • Xungai Wang *

Received: 24 Aug 2026 | Revised: 22 Sep 2026 | Accepted: 28 Sep 2026 | Published: 13 Oct 2026

Abstract

Smart wearable devices represent the central research thrust in flexible electronics, with broad application prospects in physiological health monitoring, energy harvesting, and human–machine interaction. Nanofibers (NFs), endowed with ultrahigh specific surface area, tunable microstructure and mechanical flexibility, provide an ideal functional platform for wearable electronic devices. Nevertheless, the development of NF-based wearable devices remains constrained by persistent bottlenecks in structural fabrication precision, material system selection, and practical application compatibility. Herein, this review systematically surveys the frontier research progress in electrospun NF-based wearable electronics. The design strategies and fabrication methodologies for diverse NF microarchitectures, including core-shell, porous, hollow, beaded, ribbon-shaped, and Janus asymmetric structures, are first introduced, followed by a systematic overview of key electrospinning technologies encompassing coaxial, aligned, yarn, and roll-to-roll scalable electrospinning processes. The frontier applications of conductive NF composites in physiological sensing, biological signal detection, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG), human–machine interaction, electrochemistry and energy storage and textile-integration are then thoroughly examined. Building upon this foundation, the key challenges confronting the field are critically analyzed across three dimensions: material structural design, integrated fabrication processes, and bio-interface compatibility. Finally, future development directions are envisioned, encompassing machine learning-assisted design, robotics-enabled electrospinning, and big data-driven performance optimization, with the aim of providing theoretical guidance and technical reference for the rational design of next-generation high-performance NF-based wearable electronic devices.

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Zhao, W.; Wang, X. Electrospun Nanofibers for Wearable Electronics: Mechanism, Material, Structure and Application. Nano Fiber 2026, 1 (1), 1.
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