NPA/
Articles/
2606004151
  • Open Access
  • Article

The Genus Curcuma under the Lens: A Multi-Tier Review of Bibliometric Performance Analysis, Ethnobotanical Insights, Species-Specific Evidence Mapping, and Clinical Trial Landscape

  • Deboja Ishita 1,†,   
  • Tamim Ahmed 1,†,   
  • Anupam Das Talukdar 1,2,   
  • Swaprakash Paul 2,   
  • Sibashish Kityania 1,2,   
  • Deepa Nath 3,*

Received: 17 Apr 2026 | Revised: 06 May 2026 | Accepted: 06 Jun 2026 | Published: 25 Jun 2026

Abstract

Background, the genus Curcuma (Family: Zingiberaceae), which comprises 180 accepted species, as per the Plants of the World Online (POWO) database, is well known for its extensive usage in traditional medicine. Several species of the genus offer a wide spectrum of biological/ pharmacological activities, yet a significant number remain unexplored. Objective, This review aims to assess the global research landscape of the genus Curcuma through a concise bibliometric (performance) analysis, to identify species-specific evidence for highlighting the underexplored species, to map the clinical trial landscape of the genus Curcuma and suggest future directions for the Curcuma research associated with biomedical fields. Methods, a concise bibliometric analysis was conducted utilising R software (Bibliometrix, an R package with a web-based interface, Biblioshiny) on Scopus-indexed publications from 2014 to 2024. The information regarding the accepted Curcuma species, their biogeographical insights and their synonyms was retrieved from the database ‘Plants of the World Online’ (POWO). Furthermore, an extensive literature review was carried out using databases such as ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Google Scholar to determine the taxonomic, nutritional, as well as pharmacological attributes of the genus Curcuma. At the same time, the evidence and data regarding the reported compounds and/or biological/pharmacological activities of each species were extracted from peer-reviewed literature sources. Apart from these, clinical trial data related to Curcuma were retrieved from the ClinicalTrials.gov database for subsequent analysis. Results, the bibliometric analysis revealed an increasing trend in Curcuma-based medicinal studies, high global research, and increased citations. Furthermore, species-wise literature search implied that ~62% of the genus is yet to be explored in terms of chemical characterisation and biological/pharmacological evaluation, which indicates a significant research gap. Also, the clinical trial landscape of the genus revealed a globally active yet predominantly early-to-mid-stage, academically driven research domain with significant gaps, which needs to be addressed for full-scale clinical translation as well as therapeutic integration. Conclusion, although the pharmacological importance of selected Curcuma species is well established, a large portion of the genus remains underexplored in terms of chemical characterisation (including phytochemical profiling) and biological/pharmacological evaluation. Integrating traditional ethnobotanical knowledge with modern technologies can reveal the complete therapeutic potential of the genus.

References 

  • 1.

    Asaduzzaman, M.; Asao, T. Introductory Chapter: Phytochemicals and Disease. In Phytochemicals: Source of Antioxidants and Role in Disease Prevention; IntechOpen: London, UK, 2018; p. 1.

  • 2.

    Furmuly, A.M.; Azemi, N. A Review on Golden Species of Zingiberaceae Family Genus Curcuma. Sci. Proc. Ser. 2020, 2, 133–138.

  • 3.

    Sasikumar, B. Genetic resources of Curcuma: Diversity, characterization and utilization. Plant Genet. Resour. 2005, 3, 230–251. https://doi.org/10.1079/pgr200574.

  • 4.

    Kaliyadasa, E.; Samarasinghe, B.A. A review on golden species of Zingiberaceae family around the world: Genus Curcuma. Afr. J. Agric. Res 2019, 14, 519–531.

  • 5.

    Kanase, V.; Khan, F. An overview of medicinal value of Curcuma species. Asian J. Pharm. Clin. Res 2018, 11, 40–45.

  • 6.

    Narendra, B.; Manasi, D. A Comparative Review on Medicinal Plants Used for the Treatment of Liver Disorders as in Ayurved, Siddha and Unani [Asu] Systems of Medicine-Part I-Contextual and Clinical Aspects. Int. J. Ayurvedic Herb. Med. 2021, 11, 4007–4028.

  • 7.

    Rehman, S.; Ray, A. Neuroprotective medicinal plants: Focus on Curcuma longa. EC Pharmacol. Toxicol. 2020, 8, 16–30.

  • 8.

    Wang, Z.H.; Chen, B.H.; Lin, Y.Y.; et al. Herbal decoction of Gastrodia, Uncaria, and Curcuma confers neuroprotection against cerebral ischemia in vitro and in vivo. J. Integr. Neurosci. 2020, 19, 513–519. https://doi.org/10.31083/j.jin.2020.03.002.

  • 9.

    Jyotirmayee, B.; Nayak, S.S.; Mohapatra, N.; et al. Bioactive compounds and biological activities of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.). In Bioactive Compounds in the Storage Organs of Plants; Springer: Cham, Switzerland, 2024; pp. 395–423.

  • 10.

    Kocaadam, B.; Şanlier, N. Curcumin, an active component of turmeric (Curcuma longa), and its effects on health. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 2017, 57, 2889–2895. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2015.1077195.

  • 11.

    Yurasbe, N.Q.; Din, N.A.; Palaniveloo, K.; et al. Phytochemical diversity and biological activities of Curcuma species from the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Biodiversitas J. Biol. Divers. 2023, 24, 4243–4252. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d240805.

  • 12.

    Passas, I. Bibliometric analysis: The main steps. Encyclopedia 2024, 4, 1014–1025. https://doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia4020065.

  • 13.

    Aria, M. Cuccurullo, bibliometrix: An R-tool for comprehensive science mapping analysis. J. Informetr. 2017, 11, 959–975. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joi.2017.08.007.

  • 14.

    Sun, W.; Wang, S.; Zhao, W.; et al. Chemical constituents and biological research on plants in the genus Curcuma. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 2017, 57, 1451–1523. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2016.1176554.

  • 15.

    Mukherjee, S.; Kar, S.K. Curcuminoids: The Novel Molecules of Nature; IntechOpen: London, UK, 2021.

  • 16.

    Rmili, R.; Loukili, E.H.; Merimi, I.; et al. Curcuma species: Phytochemical composition, nutritional value and pharmacological activities: A review. Arab. J. Chem. Environ. Res. 2018, 5, 68–81.

  • 17.

    Ravindran, P.; Babu, K.N.; Sivaraman, K. Turmeric: The genus Curcuma; CRC press: Boca Raton, FL, USA, 2007.

  • 18.

    Anamthawat-Jónsson, K.; Umpunjun, P. Polyploidy in the Ginger Family. In Chromosomal Abnormalities; IntechOpen: London, UK, 2020; P. 115.

  • 19.

    Mahanto, A.; Rout, S.K.; Barik, D.P. Phytochemical and pharmacological activity of genus curcuma–A review. Indig. Tradit. Knowl. Adv. Med. Pants Res. 2022, 45–61. https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.6821757.

  • 20.

    Nair, K.P. The Agronomy and Economy of Turmeric and Ginger: The Invaluable Medicinal Spice Crops; Newnes: Oxford, UK, 2013.

  • 21.

    Hassan-Montero, Y.; De-Moya-Anegón, F.; Guerrero-Bote, V.P. SCImago Graphica: A new tool for exploring and visually communicating data. Prof. Inf. 2022, 31, e310502. https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2022.sep.02.

  • 22.

    Bulbula, D.D. Comprehensive review on turmeric (Curcuma Longa L.) as medicinal plant and its nutraceuticals quality to human. Cancer Ther. Oncol. Int. J. 2021, 18, 2473-554X. https://doi.org/10.19080/ctoij.18.5.

  • 23.

    Rajkumari, S.; Sanatombi, K. Nutritional value, phytochemical composition, and biological activities of edible Curcuma species: A review. Int. J. Food Prop. 2017, 20 (Suppl. S3), S2668–S2687. https://doi.org/10.1080/10942912.2017.1387556.

  • 24.

    Zaidi, Z. A review of Zard Chob (Curcuma longa Linn) an efficient anti-inflammatory unani drug. Int. J. Phys. Educ. Sports Healt 2019, 4, 1526–1530.

  • 25.

    Kayum, M.A.; Qaiyyum, I.A.; Jabeen, A.; et al. A review on pharmacological and therapeutic profile of zaranbad (Curcuma Zedoaria Rosc). World J. Pharm. Sci. 2021, 9, 60–66.

  • 26.

    Butala, M.A.; Kukkupuni, S.K.; Venkatasubramanian, P.; et al. An ayurvedic anti-diabetic formulation made from Curcuma longa L. and Emblica officinalis L. inhibits α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and starch digestion, in vitro. Starch-Stärke 2018, 70, 1700182. https://doi.org/10.1002/star.201700182.

  • 27.

    Krup, V.; Prakash, L.H.; Harini, A. Pharmacological activities of turmeric (Curcuma longa Linn): A review. J. Homeopath. Ayurvedic Med. 2013, 2, 1000133.

  • 28.

    Kumar, K.M.P.; Asish, G.; Sabu, M.; et al. Significance of gingers (Zingiberaceae) in Indian system of medicine-Ayurveda: An overview. Anc. Sci. Life 2013, 32, 253–261. https://doi.org/10.4103/0257-7941.131989.

  • 29.

    Nano-Cosmetological, M.A.A. Study of homoeopathic medicine curcuma longa and its biosynthesised silver nanoparticles—anti fungal and anti melanin activity—A nano-cosmetological perspective. Int. J. Sci. Dev. Res. 2022, 7, 773–781.

  • 30.

    Rajvanshy, T.; Sharma, H. Usefulness of Curcuma longa in the Cases of Functional Dyspepsia—A Parallel Arm-Controlled Study. Homœopathic Links 2022, 35, 024–030. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1736435.

  • 31.

    Suparna, I.K.; Kumbara, A.N.A.; Darmika, I.B. Homeopathy for breast cancer treatment towards Hindu women. Int. J. Health Sci. 2018, 2, 25–36. https://doi.org/10.29332/ijhs.v2n2.118.

  • 32.

    Choudhury, D.; Ghosal, M.; Dan, M.; et al. Development of single node cutting propagation techniques and evaluation of antioxidant activity of Curcuma aeruginosa Roxburgh rhizome. Int. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci 2013, 5, 227–234.

  • 33.

    Partha, P.; Hossain, A.E. Ethnobotanical investigation into the Mandi ethnic community in Bangladesh. Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 2007, 14, 129–145.

  • 34.

    Bipul Saikia, B.S.; Borthakur, S. Use of medicinal plants in animal healthcare—A case study from Gohpur, Assam. Indian J. Tradit. Knowl. 2010, 9, 49–51.

  • 35.

    Oh, S.; Han, A.R.; Park, H.R.; et al. Suppression of inflammatory cytokine production by ar-turmerone isolated from Curcuma phaeocaulis. Chem. Biodivers. 2014, 11, 1034–1041. https://doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.201300397.

  • 36.

    Kala, C.P. Ethnomedicinal botany of the Apatani in the Eastern Himalayan region of India. J. Ethnobiol. Ethnomedicine 2005, 1, 11. https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-4269-1-11.

  • 37.

    Sujarwo, W.; Keim, A.P.; Savo, V.; et al. Ethnobotanical study of Loloh: Traditional herbal drinks from Bali (Indonesia). J. Ethnopharmacol. 2015, 169, 34–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2015.03.079.

  • 38.

    Purbashree Sanglakpam, P.S.; Mathur, R.; Pandey, A. Ethnobotany of Chothe tribe of Bishnupur district (Manipur). Indian J. Nat. Prod. Resour. 2012, 3, 414–425.

  • 39.

    Amiri, M.S.; Joharchi, M.R. Ethnobotanical investigation of traditional medicinal plants commercialized in the markets of Mashhad, Iran. Avicenna J. Phytomedicine 2013, 3, 254.

  • 40.

    Singh, A.G.; Kumar, A.; Tewari, D.D. An ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used in Terai forest of western Nepal. J. Ethnobiol. Ethnomedicine 2012, 8, 19. https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-4269-8-19.

  • 41.

    Devi, N.B.; Singh, P.; Das, A.K. Ethnomedicinal utilization of Zingiberaceae in the valley districts of Manipur. J. Environ. Sci. Toxicol. Food Technol. 2014, 8, 21–23.

  • 42.

    Ahmed, H.M. Ethnopharmacobotanical study on the medicinal plants used by herbalists in Sulaymaniyah Province, Kurdistan, Iraq. J. Ethnobiol. Ethnomed. 2016, 12, 8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13002-016-0081-3.

  • 43.

    Daduang, S.; Sattayasai, N.; Sattayasai, J.; et al. Screening of plants containing Naja naja siamensis cobra venom inhibitory activity using modified ELISA technique. Anal. Biochem. 2005, 341, 316–325. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ab.2005.03.037.

  • 44.

    Jagtap, S.D.; Deokule, S.S.; Pawar, P.K.; et al. Traditional ethnomedicinal knowledge confined to the Pawra tribe of Satpura Hills, Maharashtra, India. Ethnobot. Leafl. 2009, 2009, 12.

  • 45.

    Nurrulhidayah, A.; Rafi, M.; Lukitaningsih, E.; et al. Review on in vitro antioxidant activities of Curcuma species commonly used as herbal components in Indonesia. Food Res. 2020, 4, 286–293.

  • 46.

    Jacob, A.; Wu, R.; Zhou, M.; et al. Mechanism of the anti-inflammatory effect of curcumin: PPAR-γ activation. PPAR Res. 2007, 2007, 089369.

  • 47.

    Rai, D.; Singh, J.K.; Roy, N.; et al. Curcumin inhibits FtsZ assembly: An attractive mechanism for its antibacterial activity. Biochem. J. 2008, 410, 147–155. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj20070891.

  • 48.

    Zorofchian Moghadamtousi, S.; Abdul Kadir, H.; Hassandarvish, P.; et al. A review on antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal activity of curcumin. BioMed Res. Int. 2014, 2014, 186864. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/186864.

  • 49.

    Chen, C.; Long, L.; Zhang, F.; et al. Antifungal activity, main active components and mechanism of Curcuma longa extract against Fusarium graminearum. PLoS ONE 2018, 13, e0194284. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0194284.

  • 50.

    Ekawardhani, S.; Berbudi, A. The Role of Curcumin as An Antimalarial Agent. Syst. Rev. Pharm. 2020, 11, 18–25.

  • 51.

    Simamora, A.; Timotius, K.H.; Yerer, M.B.; et al. Xanthorrhizol, a potential anticancer agent, from Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. Phytomedicine 2022, 105, 154359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154359.

  • 52.

    Khorsandi, L.; Orazizadeh, M. Protective effect of Curcuma longa extract on acetaminophen induced nephrotoxicity in mice. Daru 2008, 16, 155–159.

  • 53.

    Intan, P.R.; Alegantina, S.; Fajri, H.; et al. Combined extracts of Curcuma longa and Curcuma zedoaria ameliorates cisplatin-induced kidney damage in rats. Open Vet. J. 2025, 15, 428. https://doi.org/10.5455/ovj.2025.v15.i1.38.

  • 54.

    Kim, D.C.; Ku, S.K.; Bae, J.S. Anticoagulant activities of curcumin and its derivative. BMB Rep. 2012, 45, 221–226. https://doi.org/10.5483/bmbrep.2012.45.4.221.

  • 55.

    Srividya, A.R.; Dhanabal, P., Bavadia, P.; et al. Antioxidant and antidiabetic activity of Curcuma aromatica. Int. J. Res. Ayurveda Pharm. 2012, 3, 401–405.

  • 56.

    Mahattanadul, S.; Nakamura, T.; Panichayupakaranant, P.; et al. Comparative antiulcer effect of bisdemethoxycurcumin and curcumin in a gastric ulcer model system. Phytomedicine 2009, 16, 342–351. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2008.12.005.

  • 57.

    Shahid, H.; Shahzad, M.; Shabbir, A.; et al. Immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory potential of curcumin for the treatment of allergic asthma: Effects on expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and aquaporins. Inflammation 2019, 42, 2037–2047. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10753-019-01066-2.

  • 58.

    Al-Amin, M.; Eltayeb, N.M.; Hossain, C.F.; et al. Bioactive compounds from Curcuma aeruginosa and the effect of comosone II on the migration and invasion of breast cancer cells. J. Asian Nat. Prod. Res. 2023, 25, 252–263. https://doi.org/10.1080/10286020.2022.2081562.

  • 59.

    Simoh, S.; Zainal, A. Chemical profiling of Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb. rhizome using different techniques of solvent extraction. Asian Pac. J. Trop. Biomed. 2015, 5, 412–417. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2221-1691(15)30378-6.

  • 60.

    Fitria, R.; Seno, D.S.H.; Priosoeryanto, B.P.; et al. Volatile compound profiles and cytotoxicity in essential oils from rhizome of Curcuma aeruginosa and Curcuma zanthorrhiza. Biodiversitas 2019, 20, 2943–2948.

  • 61.

    Herath, I.; Premakumara, S.; Wijayasiriwardene, C. Anti-inflammatory activity of Curcuma albiflora Thw. grown in Sri Lanka. J. Ayurveda Med. Sci. 2017, 2, 290–293.

  • 62.

    Herath, H.; Wijayasiriwardene, T.K.; Premakumara, G. GC-MS identification of endemic herb Curcuma albiflora THW. (Sri Lanka). Int. J. Pharmacogn. 2018, 5, 419–425.

  • 63.

    Theanphong, O.; Mingvanish, W. Chemical constituents and antioxidant activities of essential oils from roots and rhizomes of Curcuma alismatifolia Gagnap. from Thailand. J. Appl. Sci. Emerg. Technol. 2017, 16, 105–111.

  • 64.

    Kochaphum, S.; Banyat, P.; Tadtong, S.; et al. Neuritogenic and neuroprotective activities of the essential oil from rhizomes of Curcuma alismatifolia. Nat. Prod. Commun. 2019, 14, 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578x19864217.

  • 65.

    Policegoudra, R.; Aradhya, S.; Singh, L. Mango ginger (Curcuma amada Roxb.)—A promising spice for phytochemicals and biological activities. J. Biosci. 2011, 36, 739–748. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12038-011-9106-1.

  • 66.

    Singh, S.; Kumar, J.K.; Saikia, D.; et al. A bioactive labdane diterpenoid from Curcuma amada and its semisynthetic analogues as antitubercular agents. Eur. J. Med. Chem. 2010, 45, 4379–4382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2010.06.006.

  • 67.

    Nimlamool, W.; Potikanond, S.; Ruttanapattanakul, J.; et al. Curcuma amarissima extract activates growth and survival signal transduction networks to stimulate proliferation of human keratinocyte. Biology 2021, 10, 289. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology10040289.

  • 68.

    Jena, S.; Ray, A.; Banerjee, A.; et al. Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of essential oil from leaves and rhizomes of Curcuma angustifolia Roxb. Nat. Prod. Res. 2017, 31, 2188–2191. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2017.1278600.

  • 69.

    Sharma, S.; Ghataury, S.K.; Sarathe, A.; et al. Curcuma angustifolia Roxb,(Zingiberaceae): Ethnobotany, phytochemistry and pharmacology: A review. J. Pharmacogn. Phytochem. 2019, 8, 1535–1540.

  • 70.

    Rajashekhara, N.; Ashok, B.K.; Sharma, P.; et al. The evaluation of anti-ulcerogenic effect of rhizome starch of two source plants of Tugaksheeree (Curcuma angustifolia Roxb. and Maranta arundinacea Linn.) on pyloric ligated rats. AYU 2014, 35, 191–197. https://doi.org/10.4103/0974-8520.146251.

  • 71.

    Salama, R.; Sattayasai, J.; Gande, A.K.; et al. Identification and evaluation of agents isolated from traditionally used herbs against Ophiophagus hannah venom. Drug Discov. Ther. 2012, 6, 18–23. https://doi.org/10.5582/ddt.2012.v6.1.18.

  • 72.

    Kumar, A.; Chomwal, R.; Kumar, P.; et al. Anti-inflammatory and wound healing activity of Curcuma aromatica salisb extract and its formulation. J. Chem. Pharm. Res. 2009, 1, 304–310.

  • 73.

    Umar, N.M.; Parumasivam, T.; Aminu, N.; et al. Phytochemical and pharmacological properties of Curcuma aromatica Salisb (wild turmeric). J. Appl. Pharm. Sci. 2020, 10, 180–194.

  • 74.

    Zhang, L.; Yang, Z.; Wei, J.; et al. Contrastive analysis of chemical composition of essential oil from twelve Curcuma species distributed in China. Ind. Crops Prod. 2017, 108, 17–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2017.06.005.

  • 75.

    Burapan, S.; Kim, M.; Paisooksantivatana, Y.; et al. Thai Curcuma species: Antioxidant and bioactive compounds. Foods 2020, 9, 1219. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9091219.

  • 76.

    Wohlmuth, H. Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Plants from the Ginger Family, Zingiberaceae. Ph.D. Thesis, Southern Cross University: Gold Coast, QLD, Australia, 2008.

  • 77.

    Borah, A.; Paw, M.; Gogoi, R.; et al. Chemical composition, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial and in-vitro cytotoxic efficacy of essential oil of Curcuma caesia Roxb. leaves: An endangered medicinal plant of North East India. Ind. Crops Prod. 2019, 129, 448–454. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.12.035.

  • 78.

    Arulmozhi, D.; Sridhar, N.; Veeranjaneyulu, A.; et al. Preliminary mechanistic studies on the smooth muscle relaxant effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Curcuma caesia. J. Herb. Pharmacother. 2006, 6, 117–124. https://doi.org/10.1080/j157v06n03_06.

  • 79.

    Behar, N.; Tiwari, K.; Jadhav, S. A review on non-conventional turmeric: Curcuma caesia Roxb. Curr. Trends Biotechnol. Pharm. 2014, 8, 91–101.

  • 80.

    Rattanakrajang, P.; Tansawat, R.; Wongsuwan, P.; et al. Integrative geno-metabolomics of tenasserim turmeric (Curcuma candida (Wall.) Techapr. & Škorničk.) with insights into volatile biosynthesis across the turmeric genus. Comput. Struct. Biotechnol. J. 2025, 27, 4682–4698.

  • 81.

    Jadhao, A.S.; Bhuktar, A.S. Phytochemical screening of Curcuma caulina j. grahm rhizome extract by using hrlc-ms technique. 2017, 7, 1153–1158.

  • 82.

    Dung, N.; Truong, P.X.; Ky, P.T.; et al. Chemical composition of the essential oils of Curcuma cochinchinensis Gagnep. from Vietnam. ACGC Chem. Res. Commun. 1996, 5, 11–16.

  • 83.

    Riaz, A.; Rasul, A.; Kanwal, N.; et al. Germacrone: A potent secondary metabolite with therapeutic potential in metabolic diseases, cancer and viral infections. Curr. Drug Metab. 2020, 21, 1079–1090. https://doi.org/10.2174/1389200221999200728144801.

  • 84.

    Fuentes, R.G.; Toume, K.; Arai, M.A.; et al. Constituents from the rhizomes of Curcuma comosa and their Wnt signal inhibitory activities. Heterocycles 2014, 88, 1501–1509.

  • 85.

    Chiu, C.M.; Nootem, J.; Santiwat, T.; et al. Enhanced stability and bioactivity of Curcuma comosa Roxb. extract in electrospun gelatin nanofibers. Fibers 2019, 7, 76. https://doi.org/10.3390/fib7090076.

  • 86.

    Niumsakul, S.; Hirunsaree, A.; Wattanapitayakul, S.; et al. An antioxidative and cytotoxic substance extracted from Curcuma comosa Roxb. J. Thai Tradit. Altern. Med. 2007, 5, 24–29.

  • 87.

    Chokchaisiri, R.; Innok, P.; Suksamrarn, A. Flavonoid glycosides from the aerial parts of Curcuma comosa. Phytochem. Lett. 2012, 5, 361–366. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytol.2012.03.003.

  • 88.

    Van, H.T.; Tran, M.D.; Tran, T.K.N.; et al. Chemical profiles and antibacterial activity of acetone extract of two Curcuma species from Vietnam. Plant Sci. Today 2023, 10, 83–89. https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.1993.

  • 89.

    Neeranjna, M.; Navin, J.K. Comparative phytochemical screening of Curcuma angustifolia, Curcuma decipiens and Curcuma longa by using GC-MS. J. Pharmacogn. Phytochem. 2019, 8, 1227–1234.

  • 90.

    Chokchaisiri, R.; Pimkaew, P.; Piyachaturawat, P.; et al. Cytotoxic sesquiterpenoids and diarylheptanoids from the rhizomes of Curcuma elata Roxb. Rec. Nat. Prod. 2014, 8, 46.

  • 91.

    Shi, Y.; Liang, X.; Chi, L.; et al. Ethanol extracts from twelve Curcuma species rhizomes in China: Antimicrobial, antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities. S. Afr. J. Bot. 2021, 140, 167–172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2021.04.003.

  • 92.

    Akarchariya, N.; Sirilun, S.; Julsrigival, J.; et al. Chemical profiling and antimicrobial activity of essential oil from Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb., Curcuma glans K. Larsen & J. Mood and Curcuma cf. xanthorrhiza Roxb. collected in Thailand. Asian Pac. J. Trop. Biomed. 2017, 7, 881–885.

  • 93.

    Huynh, T.H.; Tran, G.H.; Trinh, N.N.; et al. Chemical components and antioxidant properties of acetone extracts of four different species of Zingiberaceae. Plant Sci. Today 2024, 11, 2348–1900.

  • 94.

    Van, H.T.; Phan, U.T.X.; Doan, V.D.; et al. Chemical Constituents of Essential Oil from Rhizomes and Aerial Parts of Curcuma gracillima. Chem. Nat. Compd. 2021, 57, 569–571. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10600-021-03419-6.

  • 95.

    Srivastava, S.; Srivastava, S.; Chitranshi, N.; et al. Pharmacognostic evaluation of Curcuma haritha Linn. J. Sci. Ind. Res. 2006, 65, 916–920.

  • 96.

    Theanphong, O.; Jenjittikul, T.; Mingvanish, W. Essential oils composition of nine Curcuma species from Thailand: A chemotaxonomic approach. Gard. Bull. Singap. 2019, 71, 499–518.

  • 97.

    Dũng, N.X.; Truong, P.X.; Ky, P.T.; et al. Volatile constituents of the leaf, stem, rhizome, roof and flower oils of Curcuma harmandii Gagnep. from Vietnam. J. Essent. Oil Res. 1997, 9, 677–681. https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1997.9700810.

  • 98.

    Aspollah Sukari, M.; Wah, T.S.; Saad, S.M.; et al. Bioactive sesquiterpenes from Curcuma ochrorhiza and Curcuma heyneana. Nat. Prod. Res. 2010, 24, 838–845. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786410903052951.

  • 99.

    Kusumawati, I.; Kurniawan, K.O.; Rullyansyah, S.; et al. Anti-aging properties of Curcuma heyneana Valeton & Zipj: A scientific approach to its use in Javanese tradition. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2018, 225, 64–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2018.06.038.

  • 100.

    Sirat, H.M.; Lee, L.M. Chemical Components of the Rhizome Oil of Curcuma Heyneana Val. Malays. J. Sci. 2009, 28, 232–328. https://doi.org/10.22452/mjs.vol28no3.10.

  • 101.

    Bharati, D.; Sonawane, S.A.; Kanase, K.G.; et al. Evaluation of anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and wound healing activity of Curcuma inodora (Zingibaraceae). Res. J. Pharmacogn. Phytochem. 2009, 1, 35–40.

  • 102.

    Jadhao, A.S.; Bhuktar, A.S. Physicochemical and anatomical studies of Curcuma inodora blatt. BIOINFOLET Q. J. Life Sci. 2020, 17, 623–628.

  • 103.

    Jadhao, A.S.; Bhuktar, A.S. Phytochemical profile of Curcuma inodora Blatt. Rhizome extract. Think India J. 2019, 22, 428–435.

  • 104.

    Malek, S.N.; Seng, C.K.; Zakaria, Z.; et al. The essential oil of Curcuma inodora aff. Blatter from Malaysia. J. Essent. Oil Res. 2006, 18, 281–283. https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2006.9699088.

  • 105.

    Nhi, N.T.T.; Thái, N.M.; Trang, P.H.; et al. Khảo sát khả năng kháng vi khuẩn gây mụn của tinh dầu ngải năm ông (Curcuma involucrata (King ex Baker) Škorničk. Tạp chí Khoa học Đại học Cần Thơ 2024, 60, 274–279. (In Vietnamese)

  • 106.

    Tejavathi, D.; Sujatha, B.; Karigar, C. Physicochemical properties of starch obtained from Curcuma karnatakensis—A new botanical source for high amylose content. Heliyon 2020, 6, e03169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03169.

  • 107.

    Annapurna, A.; Abhirami, D.; Umesh, T. Comparative study of phytochemicals and bioactivities of the leaf extracts of Curcuma amada and Curcuma karnatakensis. S. Afr. J. Bot. 2021, 142, 441–450. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2021.06.032.

  • 108.

    Tejavathi, D.; Sujatha, B. Phytochemical quantification and antioxidant potential of Curcuma karnatakensis [white turmeric]—An endemic taxon. Int. J. Pharm. Biol. Sci. 2019, 99, 916–924.

  • 109.

    Zhang, L.; Yang, Z.; Huang, Z.; et al. Variation in essential oil and bioactive compounds of Curcuma kwangsiensis collected from natural habitats. Chem. Biodivers. 2017, 14, e1700020. https://doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.201700020.

  • 110.

    Li. J.; Liu, Y.; Li, J.; et al. Chemical constituents from the Rhizomes of Curcuma kwangsiensis. Chin. J. Nat. Med. 2011, 9, 329–333.

  • 111.

    Wasana, P.W.D.; Thongphichai, W.; Samun, Y.; et al. Curcuma latifolia Roscoe extract reverses inflammatory pain in mice and offers a favorable CNS safety profile. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2024, 318, 116877.

  • 112.

    Amanat, M.; Shima, S.F.; Daula, A.F.M.; et al. Ascertainment of in Vivo Antidiarrheal and in Vitro Antibacterial, Thrombolytic Effect of Methanolic Extract of Rhizomes of Curcuma Latifolia Roscoe. Available online: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4211580 (accessed on 10 April 2026).

  • 113.

    Devi, L.R.; Rana, V.S.; Devi, S.I.; et al. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Curcuma leucorhiza Roxb. J. Essent. Oil Res. 2012, 24, 533–538. https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2012.728089.

  • 114.

    Theanphong, O.; Mingvanish, W.; Jenjittikul, T. Chemical constituents and in vitro antioxidant activities of essential oil from Curcuma leucorrhiza Roxb. rhizome. Interprofessional J. Health Sci. 2016, 14, 86–96.

  • 115.

    Singh, T.S.; Singh, T.B.; Phucho, T. Preliminary Phytochemical Screening and Inorganic Element Analysis of Rhizomes of Curcuma leucorhiza Roxb. Am. J. Pharmatechnology Res. 2014, 4, 1–9.

  • 116.

    Albaqami, J.J.; Hamdi, H.; Narayanankutty, A.; et al. Chemical composition and biological activities of the leaf essential oils of Curcuma longa, Curcuma aromatica and Curcuma angustifolia. Antibiotics 2022, 11, 1547. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11111547.

  • 117.

    Li, S.; Yuan, W.; Deng, G.; et al. Chemical composition and product quality control of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.). Pharm. Crops 2011, 2, 28–54.

  • 118.

    Fuloria, S.; Mehta, J.; Chandel, A.; et al. A comprehensive review on the therapeutic potential of Curcuma longa Linn. in relation to its major active constituent curcumin. Front. Pharmacol. 2022, 13, 820806. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2022.820806.

  • 119.

    Niranjan, A.; Prakash, D. Chemical constituents and biological activities of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.)—A review. J. Food Sci. Technol. 2008, 45, 109.

  • 120.

    Yumita, A.; Hikmawanti, N.P.E.; Dewi, A.K.; et al. Comprehensive pharmacognostic and antioxidant profiling of Curcuma macrochlamys leaves using sequential extraction and GC-MS. Malays. J. Anal. Sci. 2025, 29, 1628.

  • 121.

    Malek, S.N.A.; Lee, G.S.; Hong, S.L.; et al. Phytochemical and cytotoxic investigations of Curcuma mangga rhizomes. Molecules 2011, 16, 4539–4548. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules16064539.

  • 122.

    Yuliasmi, S.; Satria, D.; Dongoran, R.F.; et al. Correlation between the phytochemical constituents of Curcuma mangga and its immunomodulatory effect. Rasayan J. Chem. 2019, 12, 1–6.

  • 123.

    Wahab, I.R.A.; Blagojević, P.D.; Radulović, N.S.; et al. Volatiles of Curcuma mangga Val. & Zijp (Zingiberaceae) from Malaysia. Chem. Biodivers. 2011, 8, 2005–2014.

  • 124.

    Kamazeri, T.S.A.T.; Samah, O.A.; Taher, M.; et al. Antimicrobial activity and essential oils of Curcuma aeruginosa, Curcuma mangga, and Zingiber cassumunar from Malaysia. Asian Pac. J. Trop. Med. 2012, 5, 202–209. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1995-7645(12)60025-x.

  • 125.

    Soumya, T.; Jayasree, P.R.; Deepak, M.; et al. Chemical composition, antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of essential oil from rhizome and leaves of Curcuma mutabilis Škorničk., M. Sabu & Prasanthk., endemic to Western Ghats of India. Nat. Prod. Res. 2020, 34, 2336–2340.

  • 126.

    Soumya, T.; Lakshmipriya, T.; Klika, K.D.; et al. Anticancer potential of rhizome extract and a labdane diterpenoid from Curcuma mutabilis plant endemic to Western Ghats of India. Sci. Rep. 2021, 11, 552. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-79414-8.

  • 127.

    Tumbath, S.; Lakshmipriya, T.; Jayasree, P.R.; et al. Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Potentials of Curcuma neilgherrensis Leaf Extracts, With Emphasis on Phytochemical Profiling and Apoptosis Induction in Colorectal Carcinoma HCT116 Cells by the Chloroform Extract. Scientifica 2024, 2024, 3560781. https://doi.org/10.1155/sci5/3560781.

  • 128.

    Chaithra, D.; Yasodamma, N.; Alekhya, C. Phytochemical screening of Curcuma neilgherrensis WT. An endemic medicinal plant from Seshachalam Hills (AP) India. Int. J. Pharm. Bio Sci. 2013, 4, 409–412.

  • 129.

    Yasodamma, N.; Chaithra, D.; Alekhya, C. Qualitative Analysis of Phenols, Flavonoids and Anthocyanidins of Curcuma neilgherrensis Wt. A Medicinal Plant from Seshachalam Hills. Indo Am. J. Pharm. Res. 2014, 4, 3618–3629.

  • 130.

    Shyam, P.M.; Ramachandran, A.P.; Chandola, H.; et al. Pharmacognostical and phytochemical studies of Curcuma neilgherrensis (Wight) leaf-A folklore medicine. AYU 2012, 33, 284–288.

  • 131.

    Nguyen-Phi, N.; Dinh, Q.D.; Le-thi, T.T.; et al. Anatomical traits and phytochemical screening of Curcuma newmanii Škorničk. Rev. Colomb. Cienc. Químico Farm. 2025, 54, 529. https://doi.org/10.15446/rcciquifa.v54n2.116472.

  • 132.

    Herath, I.; Wijayasiriwardena, C.; Joshi, R.K.; et al. Volatile oil composition of Curcuma oligantha Trimen from Sri Lanka. Am. J. Essent. Oils Nat. Prod. 2018, 6, 11–14.

  • 133.

    Dai, D.N.; Huong, L.T.; Sam, L.N.; et al. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oil from the rhizomes of Curcuma pambrosima growing in Vietnam. Chem. Nat. Compd. 2022, 58, 148–151. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10600-022-03619-8.

  • 134.

    Tamaki, M.; Sadhu, S.K.; Ohtsuki, T.; et al. Parviflorene J, a cytotoxic sesquiterpene dimer with a new rearranged skeleton from Curcuma parviflora. Heterocycles 2007, 72, 649–654.

  • 135.

    Toume, K.; Sato, M.; Koyano, T.; et al. Cytotoxic dimeric sesquiterpenoids from Curcuma parviflora: Isolation of three new parviflorenes and absolute stereochemistry of parviflorenes A, B, D, F, and G. Tetrahedron 2005, 61, 6700–6706.

  • 136.

    Shabbir, A.; Shahzad, M.; Masci, P.; et al. Protective activity of medicinal plants and their isolated compounds against the toxic effects from the venom of Naja (cobra) species. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2014, 157, 222–227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2014.09.039.

  • 137.

    Thakam, A.; Saewan, N. Chemical composition of essential oil and antioxidant activities of Curcuma petiolata Roxb. rhizomes. Adv. Mater. Res. 2012, 506, 393–396. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.506.393.

  • 138.

    Tran-Trung, H.; Dau, X.D.; Nguyen, T.C.; et al. Phytochemical analysis of the essential oils from the rhizomes of three Vietnamese Curcuma species and their antimicrobial activity. Nat. Prod. Commun. 2023, 18, 1934578 231167229. https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578x231167229.

  • 139.

    Theanphong, O.; Jenjittikul, T.; Mingvanish, W. In vitro antioxidant activity of essential oil from Curcuma petiolata Roxb. rhizomes. Interprof. J. Health Sci. 2021, 19, 9–15.

  • 140.

    Lwin, H.H. Investigation of Curcuma petiolata Roxb. rhizomes for the presence of curcumin and its antimicrobial activity. J. Myanmar Acad. Arts Sci. 2020, 18, 71–79.

  • 141.

    Suthiwong, J.; Pitchuanchom, S.; Wattanawongdon, W.; et al. Isolation, docking and cytotoxicity evaluation against cholangiocarcinoma of labdanes from Curcuma petiolata. Asian J. Chem. 2014, 26, 4286. https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2014.16258.

  • 142.

    Hou, Y.; Lu, C.L.; Zeng, Q.H.; et al. Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antitumor activities of ingredients of Curcuma phaeocaulis Val. Excli J. 2015, 14, 706.

  • 143.

    Zhang, L.; Yang, Z.; Wei, J.; et al. Essential oil composition and bioactivity variation in wild-growing populations of Curcuma phaeocaulis Valeton collected from China. Ind. Crops Prod. 2017, 103, 274–282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2017.04.019.

  • 144.

    Dũng, N.X.; Tuyêt, N.T.B.; Leclercq, P.A. Volatile constituents of the rhizome, stem and leaf oils of Curcuma pierreana Gagnep. from Vietnam. J. Essent. Oil Res. 1995, 7, 261–264. https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1995.9698516.

  • 145.

    Dũng, N.X.; Tuyêt, N.T.B.; Van Khlên, P.; et al. Chemical composition of the flower oil of Curcuma pierreana Gagnep. from Vietnam. J. Essent. Oil Res. 1998, 10, 527–528. https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1998.9700960.

  • 146.

    Rachkeeree, A.; Kantadoung, K.; Suksathan, R.; et al. Nutritional compositions and phytochemical properties of the edible flowers from selected Zingiberaceae found in Thailand. Front. Nutr. 2018, 5, 3. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2018.00003.

  • 147.

    Chetia, I.; Das, A.J.; Badwaik, L.S. Assessment of nutritional and bioactive properties of selected edible flowers: Characterisation of phenolic compounds by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography. J. Chromatogr. Open 2024, 6, 100167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcoa.2024.100167.

  • 148.

    Jagtap, S. Phytochemical screening, anti-oxidant activity, multi-elemental analysis by ICP-spectroscopy and antimicrobial activity of rhizome extracts of Curcuma pseudomontana. J. Grahm. Eur. J. Biomed. Pharm. Sci 2015, 2, 1152–1169.

  • 149.

    Dosoky, N.S.; Setzer, W.N. Chemical composition and biological activities of essential oils of Curcuma species. Nutrients 2018, 10, 1196. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10091196.

  • 150.

    Muniyappan, N.; Pandeeswaran, M.; Amalraj, A. Green synthesis of gold nanoparticles using Curcuma pseudomontana isolated curcumin: Its characterization, antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Environ. Chem. Ecotoxicol. 2021, 3, 117–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enceco.2021.01.002.

  • 151.

    Kavya, C.H.; Rajyalaxmi, C.H.; Vedavathi, C.H.; et al. Phytochemical Analysis, Total Phenolic Content, Flavonoids and Anti-oxidant activity of Curcuma pseudomontana rhizomes extracts. Cuest. Fisioter. 2025, 54, 784–789.

  • 152.

    Shriram, J.A.; Shripatrao, B.A. Phytochemical investigations and antibacterial activity of Curcuma pseudomontana J. Grahm (Zingiberaceae). IJAR 2017, 3, 472–475.

  • 153.

    Hong, S.L.; Lee, G.S.; Syed Abdul Rahman, S.N.; et al. Essential oil content of the rhizome of Curcuma purpurascens Bl. (Temu Tis) and its antiproliferative effect on selected human carcinoma cell lines. Sci. World J. 2014, 2014, 397430. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/397430.

  • 154.

    Dinh, Q.D.; Nguyen, N.A.; Pham, T.V.; et al. Essential oil from the aerial parts of Curcuma pygmaea: Components and antibacterial activity. Chem. Nat. Compd. 2023, 59, 966–967. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10600-023-04166-6.

  • 155.

    Hue, P.T.K.; Van Loc, T.; Duong, N.T.; et al. Effects of glycemic regulation and acetylcholinesterase inhibition of scorpion turmeric (Curcuma rangjued) in central highlands, Vietnam. Vietnam J. Community Med. 2024, 65, 41–46.

  • 156.

    Theanphong, O.; Jenjittikul, T.; Mingvanish, W. The rhizome oil of Curcuma rhabdota Sirirugsa & MF Newman from Thailand. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Advanced Pharmaceutical Research Strategies and Innovation in Pharmaceutical Research: Safety, Efficacy and Quality, Pathum Thani, Thailand, 12 March 2015.

  • 157.

    Tan, S.K.; Pippen, R. Screening of selected Zingiberaceae extracts for dengue-2 virus protease inhibitory activities. Sunway Acad. J. 2006, 3, 1–7.

  • 158.

    Sam, L.N.; Huong, L.T.; Minh, P.N.; et al. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the rhizome essential oil of Curcuma sahuynhensis from Vietnam. J. Essent. Oil Bear. Plants 2020, 23, 803–809. https://doi.org/10.1080/0972060x.2020.1821789.

  • 159.

    Quy, P.T.; Bui, T.Q.; Thai, N.M.; et al. Combinatory in silico investigation for potential inhibitors from Curcuma sahuynhensis Škorničk. & NS Lý volatile phytoconstituents against influenza A hemagglutinin, SARS-CoV-2 main protease, and Omicron-variant spike protein. Open Chem. 2023, 21, 20230109. https://doi.org/10.1515/chem-2023-0109.

  • 160.

    Van Chen, T.; Truong, M.N.; Quynh, T.T.T.; et al. GC-MS analysis and cytotoxic activity of the n-hexane fraction from Curcuma sahuynhensis Škorničk. & NS Lý leaves collected in Vietnam. Plant Sci. Today 2024, 11, 308–315.

  • 161.

    Tran, C.V.; Vo, T.; Nguyen, N.; et al. Volatile components of ethyl acetate extracts from the leaves and rhizomes of Curcuma sahuynhensis and their cytotoxic activity: In vitro and in silico studies. Egypt. J. Chem. 2024, 67, 253–267. https://doi.org/10.21608/ejchem.2024.253142.8948.

  • 162.

    Wongwattanasathien, O.; Kangsadalampai, K.; Tongyonk, L. Antimutagenicity of some flowers grown in Thailand. Food Chem. Toxicol. 2010, 48, 1045–1051. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2010.01.018.

  • 163.

    Zhou, X.; Li, Z.; Liang, G.; et al. Analysis of volatile components of Curcuma sichuanensis XX Chen by gas chromatography—Mass spectrometry. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 2007, 43, 440–444. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2006.07.024.

  • 164.

    Xiang, H.; Zhang, L.; Xi, L.; et al. Phytochemical profiles and bioactivities of essential oils extracted from seven Curcuma herbs. Ind. Crops Prod. 2018, 111, 298–305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2017.10.035.

  • 165.

    Tsai, S.Y.; Huang, S.J.; Chyau, C.C.; et al. Composition and antioxidant properties of essential oils from Curcuma rhizome. Asian J. Arts Sci. 2011, 2, 57–66.

  • 166.

    Deng, J.; Duan, X.; Liang, H.; et al. Analysis of three related Chinese endemic Curcuma herbs by HPLC and in vitro antioxidant activity. Chem. Res. J. 2021, 6, 37–44.

  • 167.

    Binh, Q.N.; Tuan, A.H.; Dat, V.N.; et al. A new record species for Flora of Vietnam—Curcuma singularis Gagnep. (Zingiberaceae). VNU J. Sci. Nat. Sci. Technol. 2017, 33, 25–29.

  • 168.

    Cuong, N.M.; Ha, V.T.; Khanh, P.N.; et al. Chemical compositions and antimicrobial activity of essential oil from the rhizomes of Curcuma singularis growing in Vietnam. Am. J. Essent. Oils Nat. Prod. 2017, 5, 20–25.

  • 169.

    Doan, C.C.; Le, T.L.; Ho, N.Q.C.; et al. Bioactive chemical constituents, in vitro anti-proliferative activity and in vivo toxicity of the extract of Curcuma singularis Gagnep rhizomes. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2022, 284, 114803. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2021.114803.

  • 170.

    Kumar, A. Chemical and Biological Profiles of Curcuma oils—An Overview; Walnut Publication: Little Rock, AR, USA, 2021.

  • 171.

    Rahman, A.T.; Jethro, A.; Santoso, P.; et al. In silico study of the potential of endemic sumatra wild turmeric rhizomes (Curcuma Sumatrana: Zingiberaceae) as anti-cancer. Pharmacogn. J. 2022, 14, 806–812.

  • 172.

    Angel, G.; Menon, N.; Vimala, B.; et al. Essential oil composition of eight starchy Curcuma species. Ind. Crops Prod. 2014, 60, 233–238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2014.06.028.

  • 173.

    Tran-Trung, H.; Giang, L.D.; Duc, D.X.; et al. Volatile constituents and in vitro antimicrobial activities of essential oils from leaves of Siliquamomum oreodoxa NS Lý & Škorničk and Curcuma thorelii Gagnep.(Zingiberaceae) growing in Vietnam. J. Biol. Act. Prod. Nat. 2023, 13, 145–155. https://doi.org/10.1080/22311866.2023.2224286.

  • 174.

    Oanh, P.; Thanh, N.; Xuyen, D.; et al. The rhizome essential oil of Curcuma cochinchinensis Gagnep from Vietnam. J. Essent. Oil Bear. Plants 2018, 21, 1669–1673. https://doi.org/10.1080/0972060x.2018.1562384.

  • 175.

    Natikar, N.; Killer, S.; Chandrashekhar, V.M.; et al. Pharmacognostic evaluation of Curcuma vamana. Int. J. Res. Ayurvada. Pharma. 2019, 10, 68–75.

  • 176.

    Natikar, N.A.; Mangannavar, C.V.; Shalavadi, M.H.; et al. Hepatoprotective activity of Curcuma vamana ethanolic rhizome extract against paracetamol and CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity in albino rats. RGUHS J. Pharm. Sci. 2020, 10, 23–32.

  • 177.

    Anuchapreeda, S.; Khumpirapang, N.; Rupitiwiriya, K.; et al. Cytotoxicity and inhibition of leukemic cell proliferation by sesquiterpenes from rhizomes of Mah-Lueang (Curcuma cf. viridiflora Roxb). Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 2018, 28, 410–414. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.12.029.

  • 178.

    Nguyen-Phi, N.; Dinh, D.Q.; Dinh, N.D.; et al. Chemical Components and Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oil from Curcuma vitellina. Chem. Nat. Compd. 2024, 60, 356–358. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10600-024-04324-4.

  • 179.

    Hossain, M.S.; Ashraful, A.B.M.; Rahman, A.A.; et al. Anti-ROS and Anticancer Potential of Rhizomes and a Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid From Chloroform Fraction of Curcuma wallichii as a Bioactive Compound. J. Food Biochem. 2025, 2025, 9517484. https://doi.org/10.1155/jfbc/9517484.

  • 180.

    Hossain, M.S.; Jami, M.A.B.S.; Ashraful, A.B.M.; et al. Unveiling the anti-inflammatory activity of chloroform fraction of Curcuma wallichii and its phytoconstituents by in vivo and in silico studies. Sci. Rep. 2026, 16, 1762.

  • 181.

    Thongphichai, W.; Hasriadi, H.; Wasana, P.W.D.; et al. Anti-inflammatory activity of Curcuma wanenlueanga Saensouk, Thomudtha & Boonma rhizomes and the search for its bioactive markers by harmonizing bioassay-guided isolation and network pharmacology. BMC Complement. Med. Ther. 2025, 25, 143. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-025-04884-0.

  • 182.

    Van, H.T.; Thang, T.D.; Nguyen, T.H.; et al. Chemical profiles and biological activities of acetone extracts of Curcuma xanthella. Herba Pol. 2022, 68, 30–38. https://doi.org/10.2478/hepo-2022-0021.

  • 183.

    Schmidt, E.; Ryabchenko, B.; Wanner, J.; et al. Cytotoxic active constituents of essential oils of Curcuma longa and Curcuma zanthorrhiza. Nat. Prod. Commun. 2015, 10, 139–141. https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1501000132.

  • 184.

    Al-Amin, M.; Rahiman, S.S.F.; Khairuddean, M.; et al. Chemical constituents of Curcuma zanthorrhiza and the activity of (R)-(−)-α-Curcumene on the migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 cell line. Rev. Bras. De Farmacogn. 2023, 33, 1243–1250. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43450-023-00449-9.

  • 185.

    Poudel, D.K.; Ojha, P.K.; Rokaya, A.; et al. Analysis of Volatile Constituents in Curcuma Species., viz. C. aeruginosa, C. zedoaria, and C. longa, from Nepal. Plants 2022, 11, 1932.

  • 186.

    Hamdi, O.A.A.; Ye, L.J.; Kamarudin, M.N.A.; et al. Neuroprotective and Antioxidant Constituents from Curcuma zedoaria Rhizomes. Rec. Nat. Prod. 2015, 9, 349–355.

  • 187.

    Chen, C.C.; Chen, Y.; Hsi, Y.T.; et al. Chemical constituents and anticancer activity of Curcuma zedoaria roscoe essential oil against non-small cell lung carcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2013, 61, 11418–11427. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf4026184.

  • 188.

    Mau, J.L.; Lai, E.Y.; Wang, N.P.; et al. Composition and antioxidant activity of the essential oil from Curcuma zedoaria. Food Chem. 2003, 82, 583–591. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0308-8146(03)00014-1.

  • 189.

    Syamsir, D.R.; Sivasothy, Y.; Hazni, H.; et al. Chemical constituents and evaluation of cytotoxic activities of Curcuma zedoaria (Christm.) roscoe oils from malaysia and indonesia. J. Essent. Oil Bear. Plants 2017, 20, 972–982. https://doi.org/10.1080/0972060x.2017.1362997.

  • 190.

    Gharge, S.; Hiremath, S.I.; Kagawad, P.; et al. Curcuma zedoaria Rosc (Zingiberaceae): A review on its chemical, pharmacological and biological activities. Future J. Pharm. Sci. 2021, 7, 166. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43094-021-00316-1.

  • 191.

    Jyotirmayee, B.; Mahalik, G. A review on selected pharmacological activities of Curcuma longa L. Int. J. Food Prop. 2022, 25, 1377–1398. https://doi.org/10.1080/10942912.2022.2082464.

  • 192.

    Pinto, A.C.R.; Graziano, T.T. Potencial ornamental de Curcuma. Ornam. Hortic. 2003, 9, 99–109.

  • 193.

    Nakdang, S.; Chuengpanya, R.; Sornyotha, P.; et al. (Curcuma lithophila Škorničk. & Soonthornk.) In vitro Propagation of Curcuma lithophila Škorničk. & Soonthornk., an Endemic Species of Thailand with High Potential to be used as Ornamental Plant. J. Appl. Sci. Emerg. Technol. 2023, 22, e248222. (In Thai)

  • 194.

    Saensouk, P.; Saensouk, S.; Chanthavongsa, K.; et al. Seven New Records of Curcuma L. (Zingiberaceae) for the Flora of Laos: Implications for Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Horticulture. Horticulturae 2025, 11, 720. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae11070720.

  • 195.

    Saensouk, P.; Saensouk, S.; Maknoi, C.; et al. Curcuma nivea (Zingiberaceae), a New Compact Species with Horticultural Potential from Eastern Thailand. Horticulturae 2025, 11, 908. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae11080908.

  • 196.

    Velayudhan, K. Ornamental Curcuma species in western ghats of India. Indian J. Plant Genet. Resour. 2015, 28, 269–277. https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-1926.2015.00034.0.

  • 197.

    Shaheen, H.; Nazir, J.; Firdous, S.S.; et al. Cosmetic ethnobotany practiced by tribal women of Kashmir Himalayas. Avicenna J. Phytomedicine 2014, 4, 239.

  • 198.

    Saensouk, P.; Saensouk, S.; Thuy, M.T.P.; et al. Diversity and Its Implications of Curcuma Subgenus Hitcheniopsis (Zingiberaceae) with a New Record for Vietnam. Diversity 2025, 17, 778. https://doi.org/10.3390/d17110778.

  • 199.

    Yavarpour-Bali, H.; Ghasemi-Kasman, M.; Pirzadeh, M. Curcumin-loaded nanoparticles: A novel therapeutic strategy in treatment of central nervous system disorders. Int. J. Nanomed. 2019, 14, 4449–4460. https://doi.org/10.2147/ijn.s208332.

  • 200.

    Yallapu, M.M.; Khan, S.; Maher, D.M.; et al. Anti-cancer activity of curcumin loaded nanoparticles in prostate cancer. Biomaterials 2014, 35, 8635–8648. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.06.040.

  • 201.

    Shameli, K.; Ahmad, M.; Shabanzadeh, P.; et al. Green biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Curcuma longa tuber powder. Int. J. Nanomed. 2012, 7, 5603–5610. https://doi.org/10.2147/ijn.s36786.

  • 202.

    Khosropanah, S.; Rahmanian, M.; Moghaddam, S.H.; et al. Application of quantum dots for the delivery of curcumin. In Quantum Dot Nanocarriers for Drug Delivery; Academic Press: Cambridge, MA, USA, 2025; pp. 129–152.

  • 203.

    Costa, J.M.R. Stepwise Optimization of Curcumin Biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Using Synthetic Biology Approaches. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal, 2024.

  • 204.

    Wu, J.; Chen, W.; Zhang, Y.; et al. Metabolic engineering for improved curcumin biosynthesis in Escherichia coli. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2020, 68, 10772–10779. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.0c04276.

  • 205.

    Mohamad-Fauzi, N.S.; Zainal-Abidin, R.A.; Zaidan, M.W.A.; et al. Reconstruction of Curcuma aeruginosa Secondary Metabolite Biosynthetic Pathway using Omics Data. Sains Malays. 2018, 47, 2985–2992. https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2018-4712-07.

  • 206.

    Hu, M.; Yan, H.; Li, H.; et al. Use of network pharmacology and molecular docking to explore the mechanism of action of Curcuma in the treatment of osteosarcoma. Sci. Rep. 2023, 13, 9569. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-36687-z.

  • 207.

    Yin, Z.H.; Tan, W.H.; Jiang, Y.L. Exploration of the molecular mechanism of Curcuma aromatica Salisb’s anticolorectal cancer activity via the integrative approach of network pharmacology and experimental validation. ACS Omega 2024, 9, 21426–21439. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.4c01759.

  • 208.

    Gadnayak, A.; Dehury, B.; Nayak, A.; et al. Mechanistic insights into 5-lipoxygenase inhibition by active principles derived from essential oils of Curcuma species: Molecular docking, ADMET analysis and molecular dynamic simulation study. PLoS ONE 2022, 17, e0271956. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0271956.

  • 209.

    Serrano, D.R.; Kara, A.; Yuste, I.N.; et al. 3D printing technologies in personalized medicine, nanomedicines, and biopharmaceuticals. Pharmaceutics 2023, 15, 313. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15020313.

  • 210.

    Wang, X.; Zhu, Y.; Cheng, Z.; et al. Emerging microfluidic gut-on-a-chip systems for drug development. Acta Biomater. 2024, 188, 48–64.

  • 211.

    Pluta, R.; Januszewski, S.; Ułamek-Kozioł, M. Mutual two-way interactions of curcumin and gut microbiota. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 1055. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21031055.

  • 212.

    Pandey, D.R.; Mishra. N. IoT integration for enhanced turmeric cultivation: A case study in smart agriculture. BIO Web Conf. 2024, 82, 05008.

  • 213.

    Mishra, M.; Priyadarshini, P.; Bhadra, P.; et al. Turmeric As A Personalized Medicine. Indian J. Nat. Sci. 2022, 13, 44085–44092.

Share this article:
Download PDF
Supplementary Materials
DOI
10.53941/npa.2026.100010
Issue
Volume 2, Issue 1
How to Cite
Ishita, D.; Ahmed, T.; Das Talukdar, A.; Paul, S.; Kityania, S.; Nath, D. The Genus Curcuma under the Lens: A Multi-Tier Review of Bibliometric Performance Analysis, Ethnobotanical Insights, Species-Specific Evidence Mapping, and Clinical Trial Landscape. Natural Products Analysis 2026, 2 (1), 100010. https://doi.org/10.53941/npa.2026.100010.
RIS
BibTex
Copyright & License
article copyright Image
Copyright (c) 2026 by the authors.