Organometallic Complexes and Macromolecules: Evolving Roles in Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences

Ahmad Abd-El-Aziz; Zexuan Li; Amal M. Youssef; Ning Ma; Alaa S. Abd-El-Aziz

doi:10.53941/os.2027.100004

Abstract

Biomedical and pharmaceutical research and development continues to face many challenges in terms of efficacy, cost-effective manufacturing, and sustainability. More efforts need to be devoted to the discovery and testing of new effective and commercially viable biomedical and pharmaceutical materials. Organometallic complexes play an important role in the search for the most effective drugs with fewer side effects. The vast array of metallic moieties provides tremendous opportunities for drug design and imaging due to exhibiting a range of physiological effects. Since the development of the organometallic chemistry field in the mid-twentieth century, there has been a great deal of research into the biomedical and pharmaceutical applications of these complexes, which has only accelerated due to the design of organometallic macromolecules such as polymers and dendrimers. The aim of this review article is to focus on the most recent developments in the search for effective organometallic complexes, dendrimers and polymers for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. Synthetic methodologies for these classes of molecules will be described and connected with examining their biomedical activities. The article will be divided into bioimaging, phototherapeutic, antimicrobial, anticancer, antiparasitic, antiviral, anti-inflammatory and anti-neurodegenerative applications, with representative organometallic examples, including both homo- and heterometallic moieties. Various optimization strategies for the complexes will be outlined, including strengthening antibiofilm performance and utilizing multivalency to enhance the targeting ability. The design of stimuli-responsive theranostic platforms derived from functional materials containing highly active organometallic moieties will also be illustrated. The past decade has seen continuous discoveries of new complexes with potential biomedical activities, and it is clear that this is an area of growth in light of the potential synergistic activities of the vast arrays of organic ligands and metallic moieties.

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