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Long-duration Catalytic Steam Reforming of 2nd Generation Bio-Ethanol

  • Zehao Li 1, †,   
  • Yilu Wu 1, †,   
  • Miao Yang 2,   
  • Jan Baeyens 3,   
  • Shuo Li 1, *,   
  • Huili Zhang 1, *

Received: 12 Aug 2025 | Revised: 28 Aug 2025 | Accepted: 04 Sep 2025 | Published: 08 Sep 2025

Abstract

Hydrogen can be produced by catalytically steam-converting bio-ethanol (CSRE). The present research applies EtOH from fermenting pretreated biomass (second-generation process). The endothermic CSRE reaction is operated at moderate temperatures (450 to 600°C). Non-noble bi-metallic catalysts are applied: mostly Co, doped with minor promoting Ce amounts, were used as active species and wet-impregnated on α-Al2O3. The catalyst and its supports were fully characterized. Between 450 and 600°C, in different experimental setups, mainly H2 and CO2 are formed at high molar steam to ethanol ratio. Yields of 5 to 5.72 mol H2/mol EtOH, and up to 1.84 mol CO2/mol EtOH, are obtained respectively. Both CO and CH4 were detected at very low concentrations. The Co/α-Al2O3 and Co-Ce/α-Al2O3 catalysts are very stable and not deactivated during long-duration testing of 2000 hours while previous literature is limited to less than 30 h. A solar pilot-scale bio-ethanol CSRE using a particle-driven thermal loop was also tested and is reported to produce 5 mol H2/ mol EtOH at the low 480±20℃. Experiments are ongoing at 550 to 600℃.

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10.53941/see.2025.100013
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Volume 2, Issue 3
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Li, Z.; Wu, Y.; Yang, M.; Baeyens, J.; Li, S.; Zhang, H. Long-duration Catalytic Steam Reforming of 2nd Generation Bio-Ethanol. Science for Energy and Environment 2025, 2 (3), 13. https://doi.org/10.53941/see.2025.100013.
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