Global climate change presents significant challenges to viticulture, particularly regarding water availability and nutrient management. This study delves into the combined effects of vertical cordon (VC) and gobelet (G) training systems, alongside deficit irrigation (DI) and rainfed (R) regimes, on the physiology, nutrient dynamics, and productivity of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Maturana Blanca. The research uncovers that VC training increases vegetative growth and yield through enhanced light exposure and bud load, but careful nutrient management is required to address reduced phosphorus, iron, and zinc levels. DI effectively mitigates water stress, enhances intrinsic and instantaneous water use efficiency, and impacts nutrient uptake, notably increasing calcium and manganese levels while reducing nitrogen. Leaf blade and petiole analyses demonstrated complementary roles in understanding nutrient transport and physiological responses, with petioles reflecting short-term changes and leaf blades capturing long-term trends. The findings underscore the potential of combining VC training and DI to optimize vineyard resilience and productivity under climate stress while maintaining a balanced vegetative and reproductive growth ratio essential for high-quality grape production.