Biomass is recognized as a renewable energy source with high potential. Its pyrolysis produces biogas, a storable bio-oil and char. Although bio-oil also contains a variety of C, H, O components; it also contains value-added chemicals such as levoglucosan. Pyrolysis proceeds at moderate temperatures (300 to 400 °C) temperatures in a slow mode, or at >> 500 °C is a fast mode. At low temperatures and long residence times, slow pyrolysis fosters the production of pyrolysis gas and biochar. At a very fast heating rate and a short residence time in the reactor, the pyrolysis mode changes to the so-called fast mode, where liquid pyrolysis products are higher than in slow pyrolysis mode. After condensation, a brown, acid, and low viscosity bio-oil is obtained. The research will assess the slow pyrolysis system, through its conversions, product distribution and process economics in view of a maximum gas and char production, both considered advantageous toward for energy-carrier storage and peak-time electricity generation.
- Open Access
- Article
Biomass Slow Pyrolysis Produces Stable Gaseous, Liquid and Solid Bio-Energy Carriers
- Yitong Jiang 1,
- Debo Zhang 1,
- Xianfeng Fan 2,
- Tianwei Tan 3,
- Raf Dewil 4,
- Nick Sweygers 4,
- Huili Zhang 3,*
Author Information
Received: 28 Apr 2026 | Revised: 12 May 2026 | Accepted: 15 May 2026 | Published: 25 May 2026
Abstract
Graphical Abstract
Keywords
pyrolysis | biomass | reaction rate | energy storage | peak power generation
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