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A Narrative Review of Sarcopenic Obesity in the Elderly: Pathogenesis and Treatment Strategies

  • Haiwang Shi ,   
  • Tao Wu,   
  • Rui Duan *

Received: 30 Jun 2025 | Revised: 16 Sep 2025 | Accepted: 13 Oct 2025 | Published: 05 Jan 2026

Abstract

With population aging, sarcopenia and obesity emerge as significant contributors to functional decline in older adults, increasing susceptibility to multiple chronic diseases. The escalating prevalence of sarcopenic obesity (SOB) has become a a major public health concern in aging populations. Sarcopenia and obesity share common pathophysiological mechanisms, and their synergistic interaction exacerbates adverse health outcomes. Consequently, effective prevention and intervention strategies are crucial for safeguarding elderly health. This narrative review outlines the pathological mechanisms and health consequences of SOB. It further provides an overview of current evidence-based treatment strategies, with a focus on lifestyle interventions and structured exercise regimens. In addition, emerging therapeutic approaches, including nutraceuticals and complementary and alternative treatments, are discussed. Finally, the review explores whether the intergenerational effects of exercise may have potential relevance in the prevention of SOB.

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DOI
10.53941/hm.2026.100002
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Volume 3, Issue 1
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Shi , H.; Wu, T.; Duan, R. A Narrative Review of Sarcopenic Obesity in the Elderly: Pathogenesis and Treatment Strategies. Health and Metabolism 2026, 3 (1), 2. https://doi.org/10.53941/hm.2026.100002.
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