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Antibody Therapy Targeting GP in Treatment of Ebola Virus Infection

  • Jiazhao Gao 1,2,   
  • Sandra Chiu 3,4,5,*,   
  • Rui Gong 1,2,*

Received: 15 Nov 2025 | Revised: 22 Mar 2026 | Accepted: 27 Apr 2026 | Published: 21 Jul 2026

Abstract

Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) is a severe and acute fatal disease caused by the Orthoebolavirus zairense (Ebola virus, EBOV), first identified in 1976. From 1976 to 2025, multiple Ebola virus disease outbreaks were documented, predominantly attributable to the Zaire ebolavirus (ZEBOV) species, followed by Orthoebolavirus sudanense (Sudan ebolavirus, SUDV), with a limited number of outbreaks associated with Orthoebolavirus bundibugyoense (Bundibugyo ebolavirus, BDBV). As of 2025, numerous outbreaks caused by the EBOV have severely impacted public health and the global economy, particularly in West Africa. One of the response strategies has been the development of broad-spectrum neutralizing antibodies for prevention and treatment. ZMapp was the first antibody cocktail authorized for the emergency treatment of patients infected with ZEBOV. To date, two antibody-based therapeutics—Inmazeb and Ebanga—have been officially approved by the FDA in 2020 for the treatment of ZEBOV infection. Following the discovery of these ZEBOV-specific antibodies, numerous antibodies with broader antiviral spectra have been identified and are currently under development. This review summarizes neutralizing antibodies targeting seven key domains of the EBOV glycoprotein (GP), specifically: the glycan cap, GP1/head, base, fusion loop, GP1/core, GP1/2, and HR2/MPER (Heptad Repeat 2/Membrane-Proximal External Region). A deeper understanding of the characteristics of these neutralizing antibodies will accelerate the development of novel antibody therapies and provide guidance for the rational design of next-generation drugs against EBOV infection.

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10.53941/hm.2026.100015
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Volume 3, Issue 3
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Gao, J.; Chiu, S.; Gong, R. Antibody Therapy Targeting GP in Treatment of Ebola Virus Infection. Health and Metabolism 2026, 3 (3), 1. https://doi.org/10.53941/hm.2026.100015.
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