2610005363
  • Open Access
  • Article

Mantle Plume Dynamics: A Key Driver of Proximal and Distal Metallogeny

  • Richard E. Ernst 1,*,   
  • Hafida El Bilali  1 and 
  • Simon M. Jowitt 2

Received: 12 August 2026 | Revised: 01 September 2026 | Accepted: 01 October 2026 | Published: 16 October 2026

Highlights

  • Plume–LIP dynamics can influence both proximal and distal mineral systems.
  • Proximal effects include stress change, basin tilting, fracture (radial and circumferential) development and thermal–magmatic input.
  • These processes may affect magmatic sulphides, IOCG, and uranium and other sediment-hosted systems.
  • Distal plume push can change plate-scale stress and motion, influencing orogenic gold and porphyry systems.
  • Plume geometry and timing provide new predictive criteria for regional mineral exploration.

Abstract

Mantle plume-generated Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs) are well known for their genetic association with magmatic sulphide Ni–Cu–PGE deposits, exemplified by Norilsk in the Siberian Traps. Previous work has broadened genetic these links between LIP events and metallogeny to include other orthomagmatic and hydrothermal deposits, lateritic enrichment, fluid-flow barriers and reactive zones that enable the formation of mineral deposits, and distal mineral systems indirectly influenced through plate tectonics. Here, we further examine how plume-related stress and topographic changes affect metallogenesis. These drivers include those directly above plume heads where key processes include: (1) rapid ∼90° stress transitions from domal uplift to lateral spreading, facilitating emplacement of chonolith-hosted magmatic sulphide systems; (2) regional uplift influencing hydrothermal vein orientations; (3) basin tilting that redirects mineralized brines and promotes sedimenthosted mineralization; and (4) localized ascent of plume material through thick lithosphere, supplying heat and fluids for crustal mineralization. Distally, lateral plume-head spreading and pushing against adjacent cratonic roots may reorganize regional stresses, alter plate motions, and enhance convergence-related mineralization, including orogenic gold and porphyry systems along remote plate margins. These dynamic plume processes expand the metallogenic significance of LIPs and strengthen their use as predictive tools in regional mineral exploration, whereby a single plume-generated LIP event may generate or trigger diverse mineral systems.

Graphical Abstract

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Ernst, R. E., El Bilali , H., & Jowitt, S. M. (2026). Mantle Plume Dynamics: A Key Driver of Proximal and Distal Metallogeny. Habitable Planet, 2(2), 490–527. https://doi.org/10.63335/j.hp.2026.0050
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