2512002723
  • Open Access
  • Article

Research-Led and Project-Based Learning: A Case Study on Self-Directed Pedagogical Approach for Modern Higher Architecture Education

  • Fangde Ren 1,2,   
  • Qichao Ban 3,4,5,   
  • Huifei Deng 6,   
  • Kai Wu 7,*

Received: 08 Sep 2025 | Revised: 05 Nov 2025 | Accepted: 22 Nov 2025 | Published: 31 Dec 2025

Abstract

Contemporary higher education prioritizes cultivating students’ key competencies and comprehensive problem-solving abilities, specifically fostering innovation, goal orientation, and initiative. This study investigates a pedagogical framework that synergizes Research-Led Learning (RLL) and Project-Based Learning (PBL) to establish an open, exploratory learning environment. Employing a case study methodology, the research tracked architecture students engaging in a structured PBL process involving rigorous research activities—ranging from theoretical analysis to field investigations—to develop evidence-based design solutions. Evaluations from both student and faculty perspectives assessed the pedagogical effectiveness regarding learning outcomes and competency development. The findings indicate that this methodology effectively bridges the gap between research and practice, significantly bolstering students’ capacity to address authentic challenges and propelling self-directed learning in architectural education.

References 

  • 1.

    Abishova, G., Andreeva, N., Issayev, G., Issayev, A., & Mynbayeva, B. (2020). The application problem of project-based learning technology in higher education of Kazakhstan. EurAsian Journal of BioSciences, 14(1), 1–6.

  • 2.

    Bashier, F. (2014). Reflections on architectural design education: The return of rationalism in the studio. Frontiers of Architectural Research, 3, 424–430.

  • 3.

    Biggs, J. (1993). What do inventories of students’ learning processes really measure? A theoretical review and clarification. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 63(1), 3–19.

  • 4.

    Biggs, J., & Tang, C. (2007). Teaching for quality learning at university (3rd ed.). Open University Press.

  • 5.

    Brew, A. (2012). Teaching and research: New relationships and their implications for inquiry-based teaching and learning in higher education. Higher Education Research and Development, 31(1), 101–114.

  • 6.

    Brundiers, K., & Wiek, A. (2013). Do we teach what we preach? An international comparison of problem- and project-based learning courses in sustainability. Sustainability, 5(4), 1725–1746.

  • 7.

    Chen, B. (2014). The research-led pedagogy in contemporary planning education. Education Journal, 4(1–2), 1–9.

  • 8.

    Chen, B., Chang, Y., Zhang, X., & Chen, X. (2017). Research-led teaching and learning and the practical modes. China Modern Educational Equipment, (11), 53–56.

  • 9.

    Christ, O., van Dick, R., Wagner, U., & Stellmacher, J. (2003). When teachers go the extra mile: Foci of organisational identification as determinants of different forms of organisational citizenship behaviour among schoolteachers. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 73, 329–341.

  • 10.

    Daly, S. R., Mosyjowski, E., & Seifert, C. M. (2014). Creativity education in engineering courses. Journal of Engineering Education, 103(3), 417–449.

  • 11.

    Dang, Y. T., Lei, Z. D., Ye, F., Zhang, Q., & Liu, J. P. (2023). Architectural education in response to industry transformation: Practicing the pilot reform of architectural training programs in Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology. Architectural Journal, (6), 109–114.

  • 12.

    Dong, Z. W., & Deng, X. H. (2013). Practice and introspection on PBL teaching in engineering education. Research in Higher Education of Engineering, (5), 164–167.

  • 13.

    Fang, Y., Bu, F. H., & Ge, F. (2023). Practice teaching reform and exploration of architectural design course in colleges and universities under the background of new engineering. Modern Urban Research, (09), 120–125. https://link.cnki.net/urlid/32.1612.TU.20221223.1418.001.

  • 14.

    Fernandes, S., Dinis-Carvalho, J., & Ferreira-Oliveira, A. T. (2021). Improving the performance of student teams in project-based learning with scrum. Education Sciences, 11(8), 440.

  • 15.

    Helle, L., Tynjälä, P., & Olkinuora, E. (2006). Project-based learning in post-secondary education: Theory, practice and rubber sling shots. Higher Education, 51(2), 287–314.

  • 16.

    Holmes, L. M. (2012). The effects of project based learning on 21st century skills and No Child Left Behind accountability standards [Doctoral dissertation, University of Florida]. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses.

  • 17.

    Jenkins, A., & Healey, M. (2009). Developing undergraduate research and inquiry. The Higher Education Academy.

  • 18.

    Li, Z., Lin, Q., Li, J., & Shan, X. (2019). Present situation and future development of marine ranching construction in China. Journal of Fisheries of China, 43(9), 1870–1880.

  • 19.

    Lin, H., Wei, W., & Lu, H. (2025). Facilitator or Barrier? A Systematic Review on the Relationship between Artificial Intelligence Technologies and the Development of Critical Thinking Skills. Journal of Educational Technology and Innovation, 7(2), 11–24. https://doi.org/10.61414/f2ah8r08.

  • 20.

    Luo, Y., & Fang, Q. (2019). Yue Weizhong, associate researcher of the South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences: “Marine ranching + Offshore wind power” is more than a concept. Ocean and Fishery, (2), 73–75.

  • 21.

    Ma, B., & Gao, Q. (2018). Development experience and enlightenment of marine industry in Asia-Pacific region. World Agriculture, (2), 21–27+210.

  • 22.

    Manikutty, G., Sasidharan, S., & Rao, B. (2022, October 8–11). Driving innovation through project based learning: A pre-university STEAM for social good initiative [Conference session] (pp. 1–9). 2022 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE), Uppsala, Sweden.

  • 23.

    Marx, R. W., Blumenfeld, P. C., Krajcik, J. S., & Soloway, E. (1997). Enacting project-based science. The Elementary School Journal, 97(4), 341–358.

  • 24.

    Min, B., Wang, M. C., Fu, X. R., & Zhao, C. (2016). Offshore wind power as the development trend of wind industry: Developments of global offshore wind power. International Petroleum Economics, 24(4), 29–36.

  • 25.

    Ministry of Natural Resources of the People’s Republic of China. (2019, April 12). 2018 Chinese marine economic statistical bulletin. https://www.mnr.gov.cn/dt/ywbb/201904/t20190412_2405025.html.

  • 26.

    Mo, J. F. (2018). The paths of research-based learning in cultivation innovation talents. Research in Higher Education of Engineering, (3), 158–164.

  • 27.

    Ning, L., Du, J., Zhang, Y., Liao, Z., Wang, G., Hu, C., & Wang, L. (2015). Theoretical and empirical research on the choice and cultivation of Chinese marine strategic emerging industries. Economic Press China.

  • 28.

    O’Donnell, V. L., & Tobbell, J. (2007). The transition of adult students to higher education: Legitimate peripheral participation in a community of practice? Adult Education Quarterly, 57, 312–328.

  • 29.

    Palincsar, A. S. (1998). Social constructivist perspectives on teaching and learning. Annual Review of Psychology, 49, 345–375.

  • 30.

    Robertson, J., & Blackler, G. (2006). Students’ experiences of learning in a research environment. Higher Education Research and Development, 25(3), 215–229.

  • 31.

    Shpeizer, R. (2019). Towards a successful integration of project-based learning in higher education: Challenges, technologies and methods of implementation. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 7(8), 1765–1771.

  • 32.

    Sirisrimangkorn, L. (2021). Improving EFL undergraduate learners’ speaking skills through project-based learning using presentation. Advances in Language and Literary Studies, 12(3), 65–72.

  • 33.

    Smyth, L., Davila, F., & Sloan, T. (2016). How science really works: The student experience of research-led education. Higher Education, 72(2), 191–207.

  • 34.

    Zamorski, B. (2002). Research-led teaching and learning in higher education: A case. Teaching in Higher Education, 7(4), 411–427.

  • 35.

    Van Erp, T. (2022, October 5–7). Combining research-, project-, and case-based learning in higher manufacturing engineering education [Conference session]. 18th Global Conference on Sustainable Manufacturing, Berlin, Germany.

  • 36.

    Xi, Y., & Li, C. (2021). Research-led learning and critical thinking: EAP practice. Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.

  • 37.

    Xie, D. B., & Cui, T. (2020). The possibility of university classroom revolution: The purport, practice and challenge of research-based teaching. Chongqing Higher Education Research, 8(3), 56–66.

  • 38.

    Xu, W., & Wang, T. (2025). The Era of Intelligence: The Picture and Path of STEM Education to Empower the Cultivation of New Quality Talents. Journal of Educational Technology and Innovation, 7(3), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.61414/5ts1f087.

  • 39.

    Yang, H. (2016). Construction of marine ranching in China: Reviews and prospects. Journal of Fisheries of China, 40(7), 1133–1140.

  • 40.

    Yu, H. (2024). Enhancing creative cognition through project-based learning: An in-depth scholarly exploration. Heliyon, 10(6), e27706.

  • 41.

    Zhang, J. Q., Wang, C., & Liang, F. Y. (2022). Preliminary study on cooperative development of offshore wind power & marine ranch in China under the background of “dual carbon”. Energy Environmental Protection, 36(5), 18–26.

  • 42.

    Zhang, Y. Q., & Zhang, Y. L. (2017). On cultivating the key competencies of undergraduates from the perspective of the trend of technology development. Journal of Higher Education, (12), 73–80.

  • 43.

    Zychowicz, P. (2019). Achieving creativity through research led learning and teaching. In The Asian Conference on Language Learning 2019: Official Conference Proceedings (pp. 177–190). The International Academic Forum (IAFOR).

Share this article:
How to Cite
Ren, F.; Ban, Q.; Deng, H.; Wu, K. Research-Led and Project-Based Learning: A Case Study on Self-Directed Pedagogical Approach for Modern Higher Architecture Education. Journal of Educational Technology and Innovation 2025, 7 (4), 59–72. https://doi.org/10.61414/kvzrkv69.
RIS
BibTex
Copyright & License
article copyright Image
Copyright (c) 2025 by the authors.