The right to education has been recognized as a human right in a number of international conventions, including the International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights, which recognizes a right to free, compulsory primary education for all, an obligation to develop secondary education accessible to all with the progressive introduction of free secondary education, as well as an obligation to develop equitable access to higher education, ideally through the progressive introduction of free higher education. Disputes with schools during the course of a student's education are primarily reflected in three areas: first, disputes over enrollment; second, disputes over issuing and awarding graduation certificates and degree certificates; and third, disputes over punishment or withdrawal. When faced with punishment such as school punishment, students can appeal to their schools, the local education administrative department, and file administrative reconsideration and administrative litigation. However, the problems in reality demonstrate that there is still room for improvement of the administrative-legal dispute resolution mechanism between our students and universities.



